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1.
影子价格两种定义的统一性及其经济学含义 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过应用库恩-塔克定理,本文论证了线性规划对偶解和一般数学规划的拉格朗日乘子这两种影子价格定义的统一性。由于非线性规划比线性规划更具有普遍性,本文的结论为深入讨论影子价格的经济学意义提供了极大方便。完全竞争是影子价格等于机会成本和市场价格的充分条件。但在不完全竞争条件下,影子价格一般不等于机会成本和市场价格,也不代表资源的最优配置价格,它反映的只是企业的资源利用效率。 相似文献
2.
IDI保险是工程质量类保险的一种,在国内主要应用于住宅项目。IDI保险需要在工程建设的全过程中进行质量管控和风险评估。常规水准检测、GPS等技术难以满足IDI保险对风险建筑进行大范围、快速、长期监测的需要。光学遥感观测技术是一种可以实现大面积地物监测的遥感观测技术,该技术可以为IDI保险的监测工作提供数据信息支持。论文整理了近几年关于光学遥感观测技术应用于建筑高度监测的文献,对分类法、边缘检测法、阈值法进行介绍和总结,说明光学遥感观测技术在IDI保险行业中有较高的应用价值和广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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2008年金融危机之后,监测与防范系统性金融风险、维护金融稳定成为各国监管机构的工作重点。本文构建了一个反映我国系统性金融风险的中国金融压力指数(FSIC)。基于此,本文研究不同所有制结构的商业银行将如何调整影子银行业务以应对系统性金融风险。实证结果表明,当金融压力上升时,相较于国有银行,非国有银行的风险承担水平显著上升。进一步研究发现,这一差异与两类银行对影子银行这一风险业务的调整有关。当金融压力上升时,国有银行会显著减少影子银行业务,而非国有银行的影子银行业务不会减少。本文提出了国有银行的双重职能这一观点来解释实证研究的发现。本文的研究结论对于指导我国金融市场化改革和防范系统性金融风险具有重要启示。 相似文献
6.
Hongxun Liu 《新兴市场金融与贸易》2017,53(5):1152-1169
This article proposes a comprehensive framework to explore a possible carbon cap-and-trade scheme in China. By applying the case of China, our empirical results present the demand side and supply side of carbon-emission permits in the market and several other significant findings: (i) carbon dioxide (CO2) marginal abatement cost varies a lot among different regions; (ii) in total, CO2 emissions could have been reduced by 5.14 billion tons if all the provinces had achieved their anticipated environmental performance during 1997–2014; (iii) the equilibrium price of CO2 trading is 241 RMB/ton, irrelevant to the original allocation of allowances. 相似文献
7.
Despite the rapid growth of air freight shipments, much of the existing literature on the geography of air transportation has paid more attention to passenger travel than air freight. The purpose of this paper is to elevate our understanding of air freight by determining which specific variables most influence and shape the geographic distribution of air freight by metropolitan area using stepwise regression analysis. The empirical results suggest a regression model of five independent variables was the most parsimonious solution where the final model accounted for 71.1% of the variation in air freight shipments by metropolitan area (MA). The most important predictor was the traffic shadow effect, where less populated MAs under the traffic shadow of larger MAs tended to generate lower levels of freight. The model also suggested that other key predictors included the employment market share in transportation-shipping-logistics industries, per capita personal income, the number of medical diagnostic and supplier establishments, and above average wages in high technology. Overall, metropolitan markets with diverse and efficient ground support systems, freight forwarders and other transportation services, a more affluent population, an intense agglomeration of medical laboratories and related suppliers, and a well paid skilled workforce engaged in computer systems design and electronic product manufacturing are more likely to ship freight by air. 相似文献
8.
影子价格对资源配置具有重要的指导意义。但是影子价格的定义方式通常与短期生产相联系,而长期生产多资源要素的变化往往被忽视。区分生产短、长期,通过方向导数来确定长期生产资源调整的影子价格。 相似文献
9.
Frederic Ang Simon M. Mortimer Francisco J. Areal Richard Tiffin 《Journal of Agricultural Economics》2018,69(3):794-814
Distance functions are increasingly being augmented, with environmental goods treated as conventional outputs. A common approach to evaluate the opportunity cost of providing an environmental good is the exploitation of the distance function's dual relationship to the value function. This implies that the opportunity cost is assumed to be non‐negative. This approach also requires a convex technology set. Focusing on crop diversification for a balanced sample of 44 cereal farms in the East of England for the years 2007–2013, this paper develops a novel opportunity cost measure that does not depend on these strong assumptions. We find that the opportunity cost of crop diversification is negative for most farms. 相似文献
10.
Mel Evans 《Journal of economic issues》2016,50(1):43-58
Viewed in a wider context of paid and unpaid informal economic activities, the shadow economy highlights the little recognized ambivalence of social capital as both potentially positive and negative in outcomes for different groups in the economy. Using a concept of social capital as access to durable networks of actual and virtual resources, as claimed by Pierre Bourdieu, I examine the shadow economy as a source of both resilience and repression, intimately connected to the formal economy and tied to a neo-liberal agenda. I draw from review activities I have previously conducted on the informal economy in disadvantaged neighborhoods and from research on social capital in the economy in a European context. 相似文献