Organizational versus Market Knowledge: From Concrete Embodiment to Abstract Representation

Synopsis In contrast to the neoclassical economic presumption in favor of markets, we argue that organizations, not markets should be taken as our default assumption. We do so on information processing grounds. We distinguish between Zen and market Knowledge. The first is embodied and hard to articulate and the second abstract-symbolic. In human evolution, the first type of knowledge came first, and, on any pragmatic definition of knowledge, it still incorporates most of what we mean by the term. We take codification and abstraction as the two data processing activities that lead to the articulation of knowledge into an abstract-symbolic form. We develop a conceptual framework, the Information-Space (I-Space) to show how far the articulation of knowledge leads to its being shared. Whereas an unlimited sharing of information and knowledge leads to market-oriented outcomes, a more limited sharing leads to organizational outcomes. A market-oriented economics has tended to look to physics for its models; the field of organization theory has tended to look to biology. A more organization-oriented economics would thus look more to biology for its models.     

Stock Price and Volume Effects Associated with Compositional Changes in European Stock Indices

This paper provides further evidence of price and volume effects associated with index compositional changes by analysing the inclusions (exclusions) from the French CAC40 and SBF120 indices, as well as the FTSE100. I find evidence supporting the price pressure hypothesis associated with index fund rebalancing, but weak or no evidence for the imperfect substitution, liquidity and information hypotheses. The results improve on recent evidence from the S&P500 index. The evidence for the FTSE100 additions shows, in particular, that markets learn about an imminent inclusion and incorporate this information into prices, even before the announcement date.     

Parallel sourcing and supplier performance in the Japanese automobile industry

Japanese auto makers are reported to enjoy high supplier performance through long-term relationships, specific investments, and sole sourcing. Quality management consultants in the U.S. have been strongly advocating adoption of these practices. But economic and management theorists would predict that the combination of a high level of relationship-specific investments and sole sourcing will lead to problems with supplier performance. In fact the Japanese auto makers use a hybrid form of organization we term parallel sourcing. We present a transaction costs model that shows how parallel sourcing provides incentives for supplier performance associated with multiple sourcing while preserving claimed benefits of sole sourcing.     

Capital market trading volume: an overview and some preliminary conclusions

This paper suggests an explanation for the heavy trading volumeobserved on the US capital markets, the world's largest. Heterodoxeconomic theory puts much of this volume down to speculation.Mainstream theory tends to support this thesis, either directlyor indirectly, by giving space to the idea that trading activityis for the most part exogenous to the functioning of the capitalmarkets. The central hypothesis of this paper is that the tradingvolumes observed are an endogenous feature of the capital markets,because they are to a great extent determined by the needs ofthe institutional investors who predominate on these markets.This endogeneity of trading is posited in connection with theemergence of a new ‘core–satellite’ paradigmin institutional investment, a development that essentiallymanifests the asset-management industry's transformation froma small industry serving a few wealthy clients to a mass industryserving large sections of the population.     

Abnormal trading volume,news and market efficiency: Evidence from the Jamaica Stock Exchange

This paper investigates market efficiency of the Jamaica Stock Exchange (JSE). Together, weak and semi-strong form efficiency claim that historical and newly released public information do not predict future stock price movement. We test both forms of market efficiency by analyzing stock price behavior during times of abnormal trading volume and around the release dates of earnings information. Abnormal trading volume may be driven by liquidity demand or reflect new or private information flow to the market. Using JSE data over the period 2000 to 2021, we find price dynamics consistent with price pressure as firms experience negative abnormal returns on the day of abnormal trading activity but offsetting positive abnormal stock returns on the following day. Further findings show post earnings announcement drift on the JSE. Taken as a whole, the evidence suggests violations of market efficiency and has implications for capital allocation in this emerging market.     

经济伦理与经济发展

经济发展不仅是一个要素投入与资源配置的过程 ,同时也蕴含着深刻的伦理规定 ,是一个价值选择和道德协调的过程。经济伦理对经济发展起着重要的影响作用 :在微观层面上 ,它是一种人力资本 ;在中观层面上 ,它是一种无形资产 ;在宏观层面上 ,它是一种社会资本。经济伦理通过降低交易成本 ,创造合作效益 ,促进资源的优化配置和社会经济的健康发展。同时 ,经济伦理作为一种特殊的经济资源 ,对经济发展的作用性质和方式具有特殊性 ,需要具体地去认识和把握。     

4P、4C与4R:交易费用经济学的视角

4P是经典营销理论的核心内容之一。随着经济、文化和技术的全球化与区域化不断发展,市场竞争异常激烈,顾客在大部分领域取得了绝对的选择权,营销理论随之出现了4C和4R等“崭新”内容。从交易费用经济学的角度看,4C和4R不是对4P的替代,而是一种重要补充和发展。     

关于提高印花税税率的冷思考

印花税税率调高会带来交易费用的上升,可以抑制短期投机,从而在一定程度上稳定市场。但在我国证券税制不完善的情况下,股票交易的印花税存在缺乏法律依据、税种错位、职能错位、征收范围错位等问题,其身兼数职,扮演了多税种合一的角色,仅靠调整印花税难以真正达到压缩股市泡沫、促进资本市场健康发展的效果,还会带来印花税其他职能的丧失。因此,开征差异性证券交易税,对印花税进一步改革已迫在眉睫。     

企业财务制度改革有关问题初探

每一次税收的重大改革都伴随着企业会计制度的重大变革：我国企业会计制度的改革经过几十年的改革已基本完善和健全，但实际工作中仍存在许多不足之处。作者总结多年的实际工作经验，提出现代企业财务制度改革的新方法、新思路和新观点。