A Decommodified Experience? Exploring Aesthetic,Economic and Ethical Values for Volunteer Ecotourism in Costa Rica

Volunteer ecotourism has been described as an ‘ideal’ form of decommodified ecotourism that overcomes problems associated with tourism in general, and ecotourism specifically. Using a case study of volunteer ecotourism and sea turtle conservation in Costa Rica, this paper interrogates this ideal. Perceptions of volunteer ecotourism were explored through in-depth interviews with 36 stakeholders, including hosts, NGO staff, government employees, local ‘cabineros’ (families who provide accommodation) and guests (volunteers). Results show that while all stakeholder groups share similarly positive views of volunteer ecotourism, subtle but important differences exist. We analyse these differences in terms of aesthetic, economic, and ethical values, and situate the results in existing theories about the moralisation and decommodification of ecotourism.     

试论规模效益与养鳖规模的关系

目前养鳖业内部的竞争，主要是“技术和管理”的竞争。通过用微观经济学理论分析，笔者认为“以一台锅炉供热、供水为基础参数，来确定一个独立经济单元大小”的管理结构，是一种科学的规模管理模式。随着养鳖企业规模不断扩大，其内部必然要分割成若干个经济单元来进行管理     

广东省龟鳖养殖及开发利用分析

广东省是龟鳖养殖及资源大省,在全国占有重要位置.但随着经济的发展、环境的破坏,龟鳖自然栖息地和种群数量日趋恶化.为推动全省龟鳖资源合理开发利用和有效保护,广东省龟鳖养殖行业协会积极开展了龟鳖资源摸底,对全省龟鳖养殖业做了大量基础调查工作,获取了大量第一手资料和珍贵图片.论文反映了目前广东龟鳖养殖行业的现状和养殖特点,分析了当前龟鳖养殖行业存在问题,并提出了推动行业发展的建议和意见.     

斯坦贝克小说《愤怒的葡萄》中的意象刍议

在斯坦贝克小说《愤怒的葡萄》中，作者使用了诸多意象。其中“尘土”的使用烘托了整个小说的史诗般的悲剧气氛。“乌龟”意象的使用则’让我们看到了由乔德一家所代表的农民在向美国西部迁移的过程中将经历的痛苦和艰辛以及他们身上所具有的百折不挠的精神。而“葡萄”意象的使用，一方面让我们领悟到了离乡背井的移民对于美好生活的憧憬，另一方面也让我们感悟到了由于理想破灭以及残酷现实而给他们带来的辛酸和愤怒。     

Exploring the nature of stakeholder collaboration: a case study of marine turtle tourism in the Ningaloo region,Western Australia

This paper explores the nature of stakeholder collaboration as a practical issue in the case of turtle tourism in the Ningaloo region of Western Australia. While there is a wealth of literature that explores the theory and conceptual ideas of collaboration in tourism planning, there is a need to explore these theories in applied situations. In this case study, key stakeholders of the Ningaloo Turtle Advisory Group were identified using snowballing methods and the nature of collaboration between stakeholders was investigated through an examination of workshop dialogue and action research. A framework for exploring the nature of collaboration was developed based on Bramwell and Sharman's (1999) [Collaboration in local tourism policy making. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(2), 392–415] criteria for measuring collaborative approaches and Mandell's (1999) [The impact of collaborative efforts: Changing the face of public policy through networks and network structures. Policy Studies Review, 16, 4–17] continuum of collaboration. This research confirms that the success of collaboration relies on building partnerships and trust, recognizing interdependence, generating a collective vision and objectives and commitment among stakeholders within a structured process. The appointment of an external convenor also played an important role in facilitating the process, while a programme coordinator was essential for implementing the objectives generated by stakeholders.     

我国养鳖业的发展现状与前景展望

我国养鳖业发展迅速，已形成一定规模。面对市场冲击，何去何从，作者从我国养鳖业的现状、存在问题、发展对策及前景展望等方面提出了自己的见解