Working-time reduction and employment: experiences in Europe and economic policy recommendations

The paper seeks to evaluate the evidence on the employment effectsof the collective working-time reductions in Europe over thepast 20 years. While theoretical analyses produce contradictoryassessments, most empirical studies show positive employmenteffects but take insufficient account of these conditions underwhich the reductions in working time were implemented. Theseconditions for the success of collective working-time reductionsinclude an active training policy designed to minimise skillshortages in the labour market, the modernisation of work organisation,wage increases in conjunction with productivity gains and amore equal income distribution.     

货币时间价值在投资决策中的应用

货币时间价值的客观存在不仅在理论界得到了公认,而且其产生的作用时刻影响着人们的日常经济生活。不管是企业的项目投资,还是个人的理财投资,都不可忽视货币时间价值。在进行方案抉择的时候,要优先选用包含货币时间价值的动态指标(净现值、获利指数和内涵报酬率)进行评价,选择最优方案,做出科学的投资决策。企业和个人要牢固树立货币时间价值观念,利用它为企业和个人决策服务,促进企业和个人合理利用有限资金,创造更高的效益。     

电力系统并联补偿装置中的LC串联电路

在电力系统中,并联补偿装置可以补偿系统中的无功功率、降低网络损耗、提高功率因数和电压质量。并联电容器装置是电力系统中最常用的并联补偿装置,电容器和电抗器串联连接就构成了LC串联电路。电容器主要用于补偿系统中的感性无功,通常与系统负荷端并联连接;而为了降低电容器合闸投运过程中的涌流倍数,以及抑制电网电压波形畸变和控制流过电容器的谐波分量,还需给电容器配套选用串联电抗器。本文在讨论了LC串联电路之后,提出了与电容器配套使用的电抗器电抗率的选取方法。     

Consumer Expenditures and Home Production at Retirement – New Evidence from Germany

Abstract. This paper investigates consumer expenditures of German households pre‐ and post‐retirement. The widely observed distinct drop in spending upon retirement entry poses an empirical puzzle since life cycle theory predicts smoothing of the marginal utility of consumption over time. As one explanation, I explore the role of home production as a substitute for consumer expenses. Taking a combined look at consumer expenditures and time use pre‐ and post‐retirement, I find a significant drop of about 17% of pre‐retirement expenses at retirement which coincides with an increase in time spent on home production of an additional 89 minutes per day, accounting for 21% of average home production.     

What is going on when nothing is going on? Exploring the role of the consumer in shaping waiting situations

Research on waiting in services focuses mainly on the role of companies in waiting situations. Much of the existing research envisages the consumer as a passive victim of the delays caused by companies. This article redresses the imbalance in research on waiting by exploring the role of consumers in waiting situations. A qualitative methodology is used, involving data collection through in‐depth interviews and personal diaries, to facilitate an in‐depth analysis of consumers’ waiting experiences. Additionally, a holistic approach is employed with a view to examining the ‘whole’ waiting experience rather than individual or isolated aspects of waiting. The main finding of the study is that consumers play an active and deliberate role in waiting situations. This is the first study to empirically identify the behaviours and initiatives undertaken by consumers when forced to wait for services. The results suggest that consumers play an active role in organising and reducing the real or perceived waiting time. They actively seek information on the length and causes of the wait. And, on occasions, the consumer may also be the cause of the wait or may even increase the delay by their actions. In contrast to most of the existing research on the topic of waiting, this study adopt a qualitative, in‐depth approach, with a multicultural sample, and a focus on the consumer whose role in waiting has previously been overlooked.     

微弱信号多站时差协同检测技术

针对现有时差相关检测方法难以有效检测微弱信号的现状,为提升现有检测系统对微弱信号的检测性能,提出了一种针对微弱信号的多站时差协同检测技术。通过在空间域内将多组时差站的相关结果积累,然后搜索二维网格中的最大值得到检验统计量。分析了检验统计量的概率分布,明确检验统计量在纯噪声条件下服从极值I型分布,依据奈威-皮尔逊（Neyman-Pearson）准则得到了检测门限。蒙特卡洛仿真结果表明,相同条件下,该方法比传统的相关检测的处理增益高约10lgK dB（K为时差线数目）     

基于小波-BP神经网络的风电场短期风速预测

对风电场风速进行较准确预测可以调整调度计划,有效减轻风电对整个电网的不利影响。文章将小波技术和神经网络相结合对风速进行短期预测。先对原始风速数据进行小波分解,再针对各小波分量分别建立BP神经网络模型进行预测,最后通过小波重构得到原始风速预测值。仿真结果表明,所提方法能够有效地提高风速预测精度。     

一种快速的DS/FH混合扩频信号捕获方案及其性能分析

为了提高DS/FH混合扩频信号的捕获速度, 提出了一种将DS/FH 信号中三维搜索转化为二维搜索的快速捕获方案。通过对搜索过程的详细分析,推导出在单、双驻留条件下的平均捕获时间数学表达式以及高斯信道下系统的检测性能计算公式。理论推导与仿真结果表明：相对于传统的捕获方式,该方案有效地缩短了系统的平均捕获时间,具有更强的抗噪性能,适用于存在较强噪声的复杂通信环境。     

皖江城市带县域经济发展时空差异分析--基于2000～2012年实证探讨

以皖江城市带为例,从规模、质量、潜力3方面构建评价指标体系,运用熵值法测度2000~2012年皖江城市带县域经济发展综合值;并通过ESDA模型揭示皖江城市带县域经济发展时空差异特征。结果表明：2000~2012年县域经济发展综合值增幅达到32.29%,变异系数CV上升说明县域经济发展差异日趋显著;县域经济全局上呈现出空间自相关性,表现出集聚型发展模式;局部上热点区主要分布在芜湖、合肥的县（市）,而冷点区主要分布在池州、安庆的县（市）,且分异格局相对稳定。并从重组城镇空间结构、调整城市产业格局、完善区域基础设施3个方面提出皖江城市带县域经济协调发展的整合建议。