打造第三代港口，提高综合竞争能力

随着世界经济的全球化、市场的国际化水平进一步加深，港口作为全球综合运输网络上的重要节点和国际物流链上的重要一环，其竞争也越来越激烈，厦门港应如何在这一竞争中巩固并提升自己的地位？本文认为应找出差距、重点打造第三代港口，实现跨越式发展，全面提升自己的综合竞争能力。     

西方空间集聚—扩散理论及北京城区功能的扩散

已被世界上许多国家区域经济发展实践验证的西方空间集聚一扩散理论，是对区域经济发展中带有普遍性特征规律的理论表述。以这一理论为基础，结合北京城区集聚不经济的实际，加快北京城区工业企业、事业单位和与此相伴的住宅、商业用房、交通枢纽、第三产业的择情扩散，保证有效扩散的法律、税制、规划、政府职能、中小城镇、乡镇企业的发展和网络建设等相关环境的建设步伐，是促使北京作为国家首都、世界城市、文化名城、宜居城市功能有效发挥和提升京津冀区域经济合作等级的重要步骤。     

Competition with Congestible Networks

We analyse competition between two network providers when the quality of each network depends negatively on the number of customers connected to that network. With respect to price competition we provide a sufficient condition for the existence of a unique pure strategy Nash equilibrium. Comparative statics show that as the congestion effect gets stronger quantities will decrease and prices increase, under both Bertrand and Cournot competition. In an example with endogenous capacities it turns out that equilibrium capacities are at first increasing and then decreasing in the strength of congestion. Furthermore, capacities are higher under Cournot competition. Welfare comparisons between Bertrand and Cournot competition are unambiguous for fixed capacities, but may turn around for endogenous capacities.     

Two-settlement Systems for Electricity Markets under Network Uncertainty and Market Power

We analyze welfare and distributional properties of a two-settlement system consisting of a spot market over a two-node network and a single energy forward contract. We formulate and analyze several models which simulate joint dispatch of energy and transmission resources coordinated by a system operator. The spot market is subject to network uncertainty, which we model as a random capacity derating of an important transmission line. Using a duopoly model, we show that even for small probabilities of congestion (derating), forward trading may be substantially reduced, and the market power mitigating effect of forward markets (as shown in Allaz and Vila 1993) may be nullified to a great extent. There is a spot transmission charge reflecting transportation costs from location of generation to a designated hub whose price is the underlying for the forward contract. This alleviates some of the incentive problems associated with the forward market in which spot-market trading is residual. We find that the reduction in forward trading is due to the segregation of the markets in the constrained state, and the absence of natural incentives for generators to commit to more aggressive behavior in the spot market (the strategic substitutes effect). In our analysis, we find that the standard assumption of no-arbitrage across forward and spot markets leads to very little contract coverage, even for the case with no congestion. We present an alternative view of the market where limited intertemporal arbitrage enables temporal price discrimination by competing duopolists. In this framework, we assume that all of the demand shows up in the forward market (or that the market is cleared against an accurate forecast of the demand), and the forward price is determined using a market clearing condition.     

鹿特丹港与莱茵河航运联动发展经验

鹿特丹港作为欧洲枢纽港之一,对欧洲经济发展起着重要的作用。它在世界航运界中的地位与其地理位置及荷兰政府大力发展内河航运与港口经济的政策有关。文章主要分析了鹿特丹港与荷兰内河航运发展中的互动关系。     

TCP/IP拥塞控制研究

综述了Internet上TCP/IP拥塞控制研究方面一些最新的工作,分析了拥塞控制的原理、TCP/IP拥塞控制所使用的典型技术,并着重论述了TCP/IP拥塞控制所面临的问题,包括自相似性问题、效率问题、区分服务等问题,并提出进一步研究的方向。     

Congestion effects in a public-good economy

This paper considers a public-good economy with congestion, where participants jointly produce a public good from input of a private good. This economic model gives rise to a transferable-utility game, the profit game, that depends on consumer preferences and a congestion parameter. The simplicity of the game allows the maximum level of congestion that guarantees the nonemptiness of the core of the economy to be determined. It is known that the sustainability of the Lindahl equilibrium in the core of the economy depends on the distribution of profits. In this paper two distributions of profits are compared: the Lindahl solution and the marginal-contribution solution. The latter is more often in the core than the Lindahl solution which in turn Lorenz-dominates the marginal-contribution solution.     

《海南自由贸易港法(草案)》修改的七大建议

制定海南自由贸易港法在我国立法史上是全新的创举,彰显了中国坚定不移对外开放的决心和信心。草案赋予了海南省人大及其常委会就贸易、投资及相关管理活动制定法规的权力,这是创新性的授权立法。草案需要增加对自由贸易港的定义,以法律明确海南自由贸易港是最高开放形态的定位。在框架结构上需借鉴通行国际经贸规则,调整数字贸易条款和金融服务条款的内容。在管理职权、清单制定的主动权等方面,要遵循充分赋予海南改革自主权原则,通过法律方式将行政许可权下放给海南。在税费征收问题上,明确税费的底线与上限,给市场主体以明确的预期。同时增加评估条款,将行之有效的对海南自由贸易港建设进行评估的做法予以制度固化。通过对草案的这些修改,以期未来通过的海南自由贸易港法更为完善。     

Container yard template planning under uncertain maritime market

A yard template determines the assignment of spaces in a yard for arriving vessels. Fluctuation of demand for freight transportation brings new challenges for making a robust yard template when facing uncertain maritime market. A model is proposed for yard template planning considering random numbers of containers that will be loaded onto vessels that visit the port periodically. Traffic congestions and multiple schedule cycle times for vessel arrival patterns are also considered. Moreover, a meta-heuristic method is developed for solving the model in large-scale cases. Numerical experiments are conducted to validate effectiveness and efficiency of the model.     

Co-evolution of the strategic reorientation of port actors: insights from the Port of Rotterdam and the Port of Barcelona

This paper explores changes in the strategic orientation of port authorities and terminal operators towards the hinterland network in the Ports of Rotterdam and Barcelona. Port authorities and terminal operators are economically, institutionally and geographically related organizations. The argument here is that such organizations experience a mutually influential and interactive effect in their strategy over time. The research explores the evolution of the market, institutional and governance forces behind these organizations’ strategic orientation, while acknowledging their interdependence and interrelationship. To that end, it builds a conceptual framework analysing these organizations’ strategies in different points in time. It draws upon firms and port theories to design a co-evolutionary framework, which is later refined with insights gained from an empirical study of the port context.