The geographic sources of foreign subsidiaries' innovations

This study contributes to the literature on the nature and evolution of the multinational enterprise by exploring the geographic origins of the knowledge sources utilized by foreign subsidiaries during the process of technological innovation. Through a synthesis of the multinational literature and the broader literature on external sources of innovation, I develop and test a set of hypotheses that explain the conditions under which innovating subsidiaries are likely to draw upon sources of knowledge located in the home base of the firm and/or the subsidiary's host country environment. The hypotheses are tested through an analysis of the citations listed on over 10,000 patents issued to U.S. greenfield subsidiaries between 1980 and 1990. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

谈图文(形)转换法在日照图中的应用

在地理学习的地球运动部分,日照图的试题相对较难,是学生的薄弱环节,本文就使用图文(形)转换法解决此问题进行了研究。     

50年来我国经济地理学的发展

建国50年来,我国经济地理学的发展本着为国民经济建设服务的原则,开展了大规模的调查研究、规划和理论总结,为政府的决策提供了大量的科学咨询,同时,也培养了一大批经济地理学人才.通过大量的科学研究和教学实践我国经济地理学的学科体系、理论和方法研究获得了全面发展.     

Institutions Rule: The Primacy of Institutions Over Geography and Integration in Economic Development

We estimate the respective contributions of institutions, geography, and trade in determining income levels around the world, using recently developed instrumental variables for institutions and trade. Our results indicate that the quality of institutions trumps everything else. Once institutions are controlled for, conventional measures of geography have at best weak direct effects on incomes, although they have a strong indirect effect by influencing the quality of institutions. Similarly, once institutions are controlled for, trade is almost always insignificant, and often enters the income equation with the wrong (i.e., negative) sign. We relate our results to recent literature, and where differences exist, trace their origins to choices on samples, specification, and instrumentation.     

Economic Impacts of Improved Connectivity for ASEAN: An Application of the Geographical Simulation Model

We compare the prioritized projects of the Master Plan on ASEAN Connectivity (MPAC) and the Comprehensive Asia Development Plan (CADP) by utilizing the Institute of Developing Economies/Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia Geographical Simulation Model. The prioritized projects of the MPAC mainly focus on specific hard or soft infrastructure projects connecting one remote area of an ASEAN member state to another and thus fail to capture the full potential of the infrastructure because of neglected important links within a state. On the other hand, the CADP emphasizes the importance of economic corridors or linkages between a large cluster and another cluster. Our simulation analysis shows that CADP projects will result in an addition to gross domestic product (GDP) of $US 1544bn over the period from 2021 to 2030 (in 2010 dollars) or an impact on ASEAN countries that is 12 times larger than MPAC projects. The results strongly suggest that the CADP projects should be adopted and implemented to fully realize the potential economic growth of the ASEAN countries. Moreover, the CADP will contribute more to narrowing the development gaps among the ASEAN countries than MPAC prioritized projects.     

城市商业银行社区化经营的理论与案例分析

近年来社区银行建设成为国内金融体制改革的一大热点,而城商行"差异化、特色化、社区化"发展思路的提出则进一步将城商行推向社区银行建设的前沿。城商行社区化经营既有优势也有不足,当前多家城商行在此领域展开了颇有成效的试验,这也为其他城商行朝此方向发展提供了有益参考。通过理论与案例分析可以更清晰地展示未来国内城商行社区化经营的必要性及可能方向。     

基于GIS技术的地籍管理信息系统

随着地理信息系统技术的不断发展,其应用领域也在不断拓宽。将先进的GIS技术引进到较落后的地籍管理中来,不仅会提高地籍管理的工作效率,促进地籍管理工作的快速发展,而且有助于整个土地管理部门信息化、数字化的建设。     

陈传康区域旅游开发思想研究

陈传康先生是我国著名的地理学家,区域旅游开发学的奠基人,其区域旅游开发思想有着深厚的理论基础、系统而丰富的内容,是我国区域旅游开发学领域的优秀思想遗产,对我国区域旅游开发学术研究和区域旅游开发实践产生了深远的影响.