我国丝绸之路经济带物流设施效率分析--基于DEA 模型的M almqusit指数方法

“道路联通”既是实现丝绸之路经济带“贸易畅通”的基础保障,也是实现“民心相通”、“货币流通”和“政策沟通”并最终实现区域经济一体化和社会文化融合的助推器。采用DEA模型的M almqusit指数分析法对我国丝绸之路经济带物流设施效率进行了分析。分析得出结论：贸易环境负向变化是造成我国丝绸之路经济带交通基础设施效率下降的主要原因;提高经济带物流设施对经济的贡献不应只关注新增交通基础设施,更应关注现有物流设施的运营效率;为提高经济带交通基础设施的整体效率,今后交通基础设施建设的区域结构应倾向于陕西、江苏、山西、安徽等仍存在物流设施规模效率的省份。     

Accelerators as start-up infrastructure for entrepreneurial clusters

ABSTRACT

Infrastructure is commonly conceptualized as a set of facilities that play a critical role in facilitating activities by individuals and organizations. Conventionally, infrastructure is tightly linked to publicly funded projects that facilitate access to key resources and enable diverse activities. Within entrepreneurial clusters research, infrastructure includes universities, research institutions and telecommunication technologies that facilitate entrepreneurial activities. These capital-intensive investments seek to facilitate start-ups emergence by aiding access to markets and development of ideas. Accelerators facilitate the same activities and have only recently been conceptualized as start-up infrastructure. This study builds upon this research stream by elaborating on how accelerators can play this meaningful role at the cluster level. Specifically, and by relying on the analysis of empirical evidence from three distinct studies, we uncover how accelerators provide tangible and intangible dimensions of start-up infrastructure to form a positively reinforcing cycle of entrepreneurial activities. Additionally, our findings allow us to push further the idea that start-up infrastructure development can be an endogenous process involving multiple actors within the cluster. Our empirical findings and the theoretical insights derived from them have meaningful implications for the aforementioned literature, as well as start-up practitioners and policymakers linked to the funding of entrepreneurial clusters.     

International Comparisons of Australia's Infrastructure Performance

International benchmarking has played a key role in the reform of Australia's infrastructure industries by promoting indirect or yardstick competition, in highlighting the need for further reform and building a consensus for implementing necessary changes. The international benchmarking of infrastructure performance by the Bureau of Industry Economics (BIE) between 1991 and 1996 did much to focus attention on the need for change. The BIE examined the performance of eight infrastructure industries relative to international best practice: electricity, rail freight, telecommunications, the waterfront, road freight, coastal shipping, aviation and gas supply. Performance comparisons concentrated on indicators of price, service quality, labour productivity and capital productivity. This paper reviews and summarises the performance comparisons the BIE undertook over the last three years of its infrastructure benchmarking program. The BIE international benchmarking program provides a useful role model for other countries wanting to seriously pursue reform of their infrastructure industries.     

民航运输业对区域产业影响的定量分析——以湖南省为例

利用《湖南省2002年投入产出表》,对湖南民航运输业与区域产业的整体关联特征、民航运输业的感应度系数与影响力系数、民航运输业的产业波及效应进行了定量测算。研究表明：作为一种派生需求,民航运输业对其他产业和外部环境呈现出强依赖性;从民航运输业的感应度与影响力看,民航运输业在国民经济各部门联系中呈现显著的＂后相关＂特性;从民航运输业的产业波及效应看,民航运输业对制造业的产值波及效应最大;在价格方面,民航运输业价格波动对制造业的影响最大,其次是旅游业。     

《史记》“秦以牛田（之）水通粮”新解

长久以来,前辈学人对于《史记》中平阳君赵豹“秦以牛田（之）水通粮”一语解释多有不同,或以为是秦“以牛耕田,以水漕粮”,或以为是秦“以发源于‘牛田’之地的河流进行漕粮”,但均未形成定论。本文认为,先秦时期关中水资源丰富,渭河支流多可航运,加上关中水利发达,于是秦国利用与渭河支流连通的田间大渠——“浍”渠进行粮食漕运,即所谓“秦以牛田水通粮”。且战国后期,随着秦对外战争规模的扩大,粮秣耗费日增,使用“牛田水通粮”已十分必要。     

Driving force from authorities: the evolution of innovation system for biomedical industry in China

Over the past 30 years, China has fully exploited its advantage to steadily foster an innovation system for the biomedical industry with Chinese characteristics, that is, ‘Government-guided, resource-integrated and long-term planning.’ The system originated from historically famous ‘863 program’ in the 1980s, evolved with a series of favourable policies in the different periods, and eventually has taken shape in the industrial clusters across the country. It features with a systematic and integrated R&D infrastructure (or public platform) at different levels. In this study, China’s biomedical innovation system will be examined and the leading role of Chinese authorities will be explored from the perspective of Triple Helix theory. As the ‘highland of innovation’, Shanghai case is highlighted with plentiful information gathered from primary sources in the involved agencies for the first time, including the Shanghai Biopharma Service Platform.     

Economic Impacts of Improved Connectivity for ASEAN: An Application of the Geographical Simulation Model

We compare the prioritized projects of the Master Plan on ASEAN Connectivity (MPAC) and the Comprehensive Asia Development Plan (CADP) by utilizing the Institute of Developing Economies/Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia Geographical Simulation Model. The prioritized projects of the MPAC mainly focus on specific hard or soft infrastructure projects connecting one remote area of an ASEAN member state to another and thus fail to capture the full potential of the infrastructure because of neglected important links within a state. On the other hand, the CADP emphasizes the importance of economic corridors or linkages between a large cluster and another cluster. Our simulation analysis shows that CADP projects will result in an addition to gross domestic product (GDP) of $US 1544bn over the period from 2021 to 2030 (in 2010 dollars) or an impact on ASEAN countries that is 12 times larger than MPAC projects. The results strongly suggest that the CADP projects should be adopted and implemented to fully realize the potential economic growth of the ASEAN countries. Moreover, the CADP will contribute more to narrowing the development gaps among the ASEAN countries than MPAC prioritized projects.