Tourist Satisfaction and Destination Image of Vietnam's Ha Long Bay

Although considerable work has been done on destination image as a whole, far less research has investigated the differences in destination image assessments for domestic versus international visitors in developing countries. This study offers findings that illustrate the differences in perception of destination image, satisfaction attributes, and intention among domestic and international visitors to Ha Long Bay, a United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization World Heritage Site in Vietnam. The results of a survey on 650 tourists suggest that international visitors to the Ha Long Bay region have higher standards and are more critical in their evaluation of services than domestic visitors when judging this destination. Destination image is a common factor determining the level of satisfaction of both groups. Basic and augmented services were found to influence international visitors’ future intention toward the destination. This finding implies that the destination managers of Ha Long Bay need to improve current standard of augmented services to yield higher visitors’ propensity to recommend and return to the destination.     

我国国际展会专业观众满意度影响因素分析

基于国外顾客满意度研究理论和模型,结合会展行业特征,构建我国国际展会专业观众满意度影响因素模型.运用结构方程模型(SEM),利用SPSS和AMOS软件,定量分析其主要影响因素.研究表明:组展商营销服务水平对专业观众满意度影响最大,其次是展会现场管理水平和展会硬件设施条件;展会品牌、组展商品牌及接待服务水平影响较小.不过它们均通过影响专业观众的感知价值间接作用于满意度.最后,提出三点启示和建议.     

剖析内地旅客在澳门只作短暂停留的原因与对策

旅游(及博彩)业长期都是澳门经济的重要产业.在2003年内地"个人游"政策实施后,来澳者过半为内地旅客,可是他们平均在澳停留天数偏低.本文通过深度调查访问、问卷调查和统计分析探究及检验内地旅客决定在澳停留天数的因素.结果发现来澳目的、来澳次数、可支配收入、出入境交通工具、出入境便利性等都是重要因素.故本文提出以下对策:鼓励以商业为目的的旅客,举办季节性转变的主题活动,在内地高档场所加强宣传和推广,开拓更多的航班和航线,提高边检部门的效率等.     

Drivers of customer decision to visit an environmentally responsible museum: merging the theory of planned behavior and norm activation theory

The main goal of this research was to merge the theory of planned behavior and the norm activation theory into one model and test its applicability in an environmentally responsible museum context. A filed survey was conducted at museums. Structural equation modeling was used to test research hypotheses. Results of the structural model comparisons revealed that the prediction power of our integrated model was superior to that of the theory of planned behavior and the norm activation theory. The proposed relationships among research constructs were generally supported. The mediating role of study variables was established. Additionally, the salient role of personal norm and attitude in generating museum travelers’ pro-environmental intention was identified. Overall, there was a strong support for the proposed theoretical model.     

初游者与重游者差异的系统比较——以海南国际旅游岛为例

初游者与重游者的差异比较对旅游地经营实践具有重要的意义。通过对海南国际旅游岛游客的调查获得基础数据,运用卡方检验和独立样本T检验的方法,细致比较了初游者和重游者在人口学特征、旅游行为特征的差异情况,发现初游者与重游者人口学特征的年龄、职业、婚姻状况、月收入、家庭结构以及旅游行为特征（游前、游中、游后三阶段）的较多方面存在差异。     

A model of community-based festival image

This study initiates an original inquiry into the image of community-based festivals (CBFs). A CBF image model was proposed and empirically tested based on existing destination image models. Four image constructs were identified as Attributes, Family and Friendliness, Affective Association, and Overall Evaluation. The interrelationships among these constructs were tested by structural equation modeling. The findings revealed that Attributes affects Family and Friendliness and Affective Association, which in turn, affects Overall Evaluation. This study also included visitor loyalty in the understanding of CBF image. It was found that repeat visitors had more favorable perceptions of the CBF than did first-time visitors. Significant perceptual differences were found in Family and Friendliness, Affective Association, and Overall Evaluation between the two groups of festival goers. In addition, it was revealed that loyalty exerted significantly negative interaction effects on the relationship between Attributes and Family and Friendliness, as well as the linkage between Family and Friendliness and Overall Evaluation. In addition, this study illustrated the importance of the support of local residents for CBFs. CBF planners and local tourism organizations would benefit from this study in terms of cultivating visitor loyalty to these festivals and building the destination's brand.     

Tourism in British Columbia Metropolitan and Camping Visitors

Two issues common to tourism planning are investigated in the context of a current planning proposal between the British Columbia and Canadian governments. These issue are the problem of spatial imbalance in travel patterns and the place of camping in market development strategies. Through the use of multiple regression two group discriminatory analysis, several characteristic of metropolitan and campers visitor to British Columbia are differentiated. The dominant tourist position of British Columbia's two metropolitan centers is shown to be a function of their relative location and the availability of familiar visits. The campers proved to be independent travellers: independent of familial ties and metropolitan locations. Some implications and planning strategies for the integration of these two groups into the travel industry development objectives for the province of British Columbia are suggested.     

Participating in Business-to-Business Trade Fairs: Does the Buying Function Matter?

This research aims at understanding the main reasons for business-to-business trade fair participation and for visitors' interaction with suppliers. The nature of the study is exploratory and combines qualitative interviews with trade fair organizers, experts, and trade fair participants, and a survey administered to visitors of an international trade fair held in Portugal. The study revealed that visitors do not highlight buying at these events and the most experienced visitors are the ones who devalue most buying at trade fairs. Interestingly, even when considering the most important supplier with whom visitors have interacted, they do not underline using the trade fair context to place orders. Such conclusion allows drawing managerial implications for trade fair participants and organizers.     

The impact of age and family life experiences on Mexican visitor shopping expenditures

Mexican Nationals frequently visit border towns and other cities in the United States that are in close proximity to their areas of residence for the main purpose of shopping at popular malls and outlet centers. However, it is somewhat difficult to gather the necessary information in order to profile the visitors and develop marketing strategies for targeting the appropriate market segments. The purpose of this paper is to identify the key target markets for U.S. shopping malls based on the age and family life experiences (i.e., marriage and having children) of the Mexican visitors. First, a three-factor ANOVA analysis is used to examine the impact of these characteristics on shopping expenditures, including the interaction effects. Then, a cluster analysis is performed in order to segment the market using age and the family life experience variables. Finally, recommendations are provided based on the expenditures and trip behavior by family life cycle stage.     

What Is the Priority of Research in the Marketing and Promotional Efforts of Convention and Visitors Bureaus in the United States?

Abstract

A convention and visitors bureau (CVB) is the primary tourism marketing organization for cities and counties throughout the United States. A step in the process of planning and managing marketing is research: assessing or analyzing marketing and evaluating marketing efforts. The purpose of this study was to describe the priority of the research managed by CVBs by examining the types of research being conducted, the individuals conducting the research, and their research situation at the bureaus. A survey instrument was designed, tested, and implemented with 153 respondents being used in the analysis. It was found that total budgets averaged approximately $10 million with the research budget ranging from $5,000 to $49,000. The research managed by the respondent is primarily conducted by the CVB, but ten percent or less time is spent on research. Research was seen as important and essential to making the CVB more productive, but the bureaus do not seem to be putting time and money into research and not enough is being completed. The implications of these results have ramifications to many constituencies as studies are inconsistent and standardization is nonexistent. There is opportunity for leadership in creating a wide data base, form, and forum for coordination of tourism research.