Hassles of cabin crew: An exploratory study

The purpose of this study was to explore the hassles of cabin crew. Based on content analysis, this study extracted four themes of hassles: job hassles, peer interaction hassles, passenger service hassles, and personal hassles. Job hassles come from the gap between work standards and practical operations, inadequate service capacities of aircraft facility, irregular work schedules, and emergencies. Peer interaction hassles include uneven work assignments among cabin crew, poor work cohesion among cabin crew, and poor work cohesion between cockpit crew and cabin crew. Passenger service hassles come from verbal and physical violence toward the cabin crew, sexual harassment toward the cabin crew, theft situations on night flights, and passengers concealing infectious diseases. Personal hassles include work-family conflicts and physical health problems. The findings of this study provided a further understanding on hassle experiences on cabin crew.     

Hassles of tour leaders

This study conducted in-depth interviews with 15 tour leaders to explore the hassles in tour leaders' personal lives and work. Through content analysis, the hassles of tour leaders were identified and were found consistent with previous literature, namely a three-fold classification of: hassles in guiding tours, hassles from tour companies, and hassles in personal lives. Hassles in guiding tours include the annoying behavior of tour members, troublesome employees of the suppliers, obstacles during the tour, perceptual differences between the tour leader and tour members, and bearing responsibilities for errors caused by others. Hassles from tour companies include unfulfilled duties of tour company staff, inconsistencies between tour features and tour leaders' styles, and the irrational regulations of tour companies. Hassles in personal lives include work–family conflicts, work-related diseases, low and unstable income, hardship in maintaining social relationships, and difficulties in utilizing leisure time properly. Implications for management and future research are discussed.     

A Theoretical Model to Measure the Appraisal and Coping Response to Hassles in Outdoor Recreation Settings

Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess measurement models for the stress/coping process experienced in outdoor recreation settings. Three separate measurement models were evaluated: (1) experience use history and social support, (2) secondary appraisal, and (3) ways of coping scales. This research documents the development of models that can be improved upon by future researchers and promote stress/coping theory building in outdoor recreation research. Social support performed well, and experience use history was reduced to a single dimension measure. The secondary appraisal factor was problematic; the four variables may not be functioning as a unidimensional measure. A model consisting of two, second-order factors and four error covariances was identified for the ways of coping scales. An acceptable fit was achieved for all three models, statistical and theoretical justification is provided for modifications made to the models, and explanations of problems are offered.