Understanding the leadership perceptions of staff in China's hotel industry: Integrating the macro- and micro-aspects of leadership contexts

The objective of this paper is to understand the leadership perceptions of staff in China's hotel industry. This study integrates the macro- and micro-aspects of leadership contexts by identifying the contextual variables that affect leadership perceptions. In leadership research, industry setting, the hierarchical levels of an organization, and national culture are recognized as the contextual constraints that affect leadership perceptions, and these constraints were used in this empirical study. Four factors emerged from the factor analysis of a survey study: professionalism; integrity; masculinity or yang; and femininity or yin. A key finding indicates that both the industry setting and the hierarchical levels of an organization affect professionalism. Implications for the training and development of future international hospitality leaders and local staff are considered.     

What is professional attire today? A conjoint analysis of personal presentation attributes

Personal presentation attributes have long been understood to affect perceptions of competence and capabilities. To that end, this study investigates seven attributes associated with favorable interview presentation, including overall physical attractiveness, neatness and grooming, clothing color, conservative versus trendy attire, professional versus casual attire, and body modification (including tattoos and piercings). Participants (n = 108), including students, faculty, and hospitality industry professionals, sorted an orthogonal array of 16 full-color, laminated cards that contained photos so that respondents could see levels of clothing color, clothing conservativeness, and degree of professional attire. The remaining attributes and their corresponding levels were shown on respective analog indicators. The conjoint analysis results indicate that grooming and professional attire are the most important attributes in shaping favorable perceptions. Furthermore, faculty perceived conservative clothing to be better while students and industry professionals indicated that trendy clothing creates a more favorable presentation on the part of a job candidate.     

论项目管理的职业化

职业化以专业化、市场化、规范化为特点，在企业、医院、法院等组织的管理中都得到应用。近20年来，我国工程建设项目管理实施了一系列改革，也是向专业化、市场化、规范化的方向发展。本文分析了我国工程项目管理的现状，提出了项目管理职业化的概念。这一概念的提出将使工程建设许多制度变革的局面显得更清晰。随后，分析了项目管理职业化的必要性和内容，并探讨了具体的实施策略。     

“We are all so different that it is just … normal.” Normalization practices in an academic hospital in the Netherlands

Internationally, academic hospitals are giving increasing attention to diversity management. This paper sheds light on the actual praxis of cultural diversity management by professionals in workplace interactions. An ethnographic study in a Dutch academic hospital showed that normalization practices were obscuring diversity issues and obstructing inclusion of cultural minority professionals. The normalization of professionalism-as-neutral and equality-as-sameness informed the unequal distribution of privilege and disadvantage among professionals and left no room to question this distribution. Majority and minority professionals disciplined themselves and each other in (re)producing an ideal worker norm, essentialized difference and sameness, and explained away the structural hierarchy involved. To create space for cultural diversity in healthcare organizations in the Netherlands and beyond, we need to challenge normalization practices.     

Bridging the education–profession gap: The Accounting Student–Practitioner Day (ASPD) program

This paper provides a detailed discussion of an annual (and cost-effective) professional-development event we call the Accounting Student–Practitioner Day (ASPD). This program brings together, for a single day, students, accounting faculty, and accounting professionals in a conference-like setting. The conference format provides a unique, and formal, link between the classroom environment and the professional world students will be entering. The program is attended by accounting and non-accounting students from our university, senior students from area high schools, and undergraduate students from other universities in the area. Specific objectives of the program are to help students learn what it takes to become an accounting professional, to provide students with information that facilitates their career-choice decision, and to encourage networking and community-building activities. Assessment data indicate that the ASPD program is successful in terms of its stated objectives. The relatively low cost of operating the program makes it attractive for other accounting programs. The paper includes a set of recommendations for those faculty interested in implementing an ASPD program at their own institution.     

The Difficult Client‐Acceptance Decision in Canadian Audit Firms: A Field Investigation*

Auditing is often depicted in scientific and professional literature as being subject to conflicting forces, such as mechanization versus flexibility, and professionalism versus commercialism. This paper examines how auditors actually make the client‐acceptance decision in the midst of these forces. The investigation was conducted via a field study at three Big 6 firms located in Canada. The results show that in all firms the client‐acceptance decision process in action is largely flexible, being characterized by a high degree of informal communication and the adaptation of the client‐acceptance written policies and decision aids to circumstances. Furthermore, while commercialism in one firm (A) has a significant influence on the decision process, in the two other firms (B and C) the decision process is mostly consistent with professionalism. This result conflicts with the concerns that North American regulators have recently expressed about auditors' professionalism.     

试析我国金融仲裁机制的发展与完善

以证券仲裁为“先锋”的金融仲裁机制,已在我国金融各领域内逐步展开。随着金融市场改革发展的推动。我国金融仲裁呈现出专门金融仲裁机构广泛设立、金融仲裁规则独立化以及仲裁程序更契合金融纠纷解决要求等新特征。然而,当前金融仲裁机制在专业性与高效性上仍显不足。这些不足可通过确立专业、高效为基本原则,类型化金融纠纷并设定相应仲裁规则,合并程序,结合网上仲裁以及引入临时仲裁等措施加以完善。     

Critical issues affecting the service quality and professionalism of the tour guides in Hong Kong and Macau

This study examines the critical issues affecting the service quality and professionalism of the tour guiding professions in Hong Kong and Macau. In-depth interviews were conducted with industry representatives in the two regions. The issues identified are classified into six categories: unhealthy business practices of outbound travel agencies in China, immaturity of the Chinese tourism market, exploitative measures by inbound tour operators, human resource issues, role conflict, and service quality assurance mechanism. A conceptual model is proposed to explain the role conflict faced by the guiding professions. The implications of the findings and recommendations for practice and future research are discussed. Given the growing importance of the Chinese tourism market, the findings will be of significant value to Hong Kong and Macau, and to other destinations targeting the Chinese market.     

银行价值链模块化视角的专业化银行发展之路

本文试图从银行价值链模块化改革的视角出发,探讨如何构建专业化银行、核心银行和综合化银行共同发展的银行体系。     

浅谈基于职业化策略的高职专业建设

毕业生在从事与专业不对口的工作,企业却一直在抱怨找不到合适的专业人才。这表明我国高职专业建设的模式还存在着一些不足,本文针对高职专业建设中的"职业化"策略进行了探讨。