贸易差额的衡量:基于所有权还是所在地

本文在借鉴西方主要国家和有关国际机构在为建立基于所有权的国际贸易统计框架所做方法研究和探索实践的基础上,尝试确立完整的基于所有权的双边贸易差额统计框架,并且把这一原则与现行的跨境贸易差额进行了比较。一方面指出现行的跨境贸易差额高估我国贸易利得的主要原因,是外资企业净出口被计为中国的出口,而实际上它是外国资本在国际化生产中获得的贸易利得;另一方面为将来如何调整统计口径、得到反映现实的统计结果,提供可供参考的方向。     

新冠肺炎疫情对居民消费的影响及对策

2020年春节期间,湖北省武汉市爆发的由新型冠状病毒感染引起的肺炎疫情正在对中国经济和消费带来负向冲击。从逻辑上看,除了直接限制消费外,疫情还会通过收入效应、财富效应、实际购买力效应对消费形成不利影响。从历史上看,十七年前的"非典"疫情对经济和消费的影响是短期的,但此次疫情影响更大,持续期存在不确定性。稳定消费的关键是稳定居民收入,要稳定居民收入就需要稳定非农产业就业。基于分析,本文提出了一揽子政策建议。     

Mobile technology & resident attitude research

This research note highlights the novelty of integrating location-based services (LBS) available on Smart Phones and Tablets into traditional resident attitude survey methodologies such as door-to-door data collection. It specifically reviews how the LBS technology available on mobile devices can be used to systematically capture GPS coordinates of one's residence and integrate this captured spatial information into software such as ArcGIS and SPSS for further analysis. By having GPS coordinates associated with respondents' answers, researchers have an additional layer of information available for conducting a multitude of tests previously not possible with subjective categorical spatial data. Two research applications using the spatial location of residences are provided as examples of how LBS available on mobile devices can be integrated within resident attitude projects. The use of LBS technology can help researchers better understand how the distance residents live from major tourist attractions influences their attitudes towards tourism.     

Comparing levels of resident empowerment among two culturally diverse resident populations in Oizumi,Gunma, Japan

While resident empowerment has been a central aspect of the sustainable tourism literature, difficulties of putting the concept into practice have been noted given the heterogeneous nature of communities. “Community” is often divided by kinship, age, gender and ethnicity, and such division may influence the perceptions of empowerment. The goal of this study was to better understand heterogeneous perceptions of empowerment by administering the Resident Empowerment through Tourism Scale within the community of Oizumi, Japan. Oizumi has the highest concentration of Brazilian immigrants in Japan, and the town has embraced “ethnic neighborhood tourism” centered on Brazilian culture as a strategy for economic development. Oizumi's demographic makeup allowed for testing differences in perceived empowerment between members of the dominant ethnic group (Japanese) and members of the ethnic minority group (Japanese Brazilians). Analysis of 650 completed questionnaires revealed that Brazilians felt more psychologically and socially empowered than Japanese residents, indicating a shift in the balance of power between the ethnic groups. Results also revealed that the political dimension of empowerment was rated relatively low among both groups, suggesting a general lack of opportunities to participate in the planning process. Implications for both practice and theory are presented.     

中国最优居民消费率的估算及变动机制分析

1978年以来,我国居民消费率的变动特征表现为长期波动下降。为判断居民消费率的运行情况,根据代表性家庭效用最大化估算出最优居民消费率。研究表明,1978-1990年,实际居民消费率与最优居民消费率基本吻合; 1991- 2000年,实际居民消费率平均低于最优居民消费率7.8个百分点;2001-2010年,实际居民消费率平均低于最优居民消费率18.3个百分点。对居民消费率偏低贡献率的分析表明,城镇居民消费率偏低是导致整体居民消费率偏低的主要原因。通过考察预期收入、利率和效用函数改变对最优居民消费率的影响,分析了居民消费率的变动机制。     

农民工市民化的政策支持研究

本文引入了马克思生存人性论的研究假设,为农民工市民化研究提供了一个主体的视角。在考察中外农民市民化过程中可资借鉴的经验基础上,提出了农民工市民化政策支持体系处理农民工的相关问题。     

Resident Attitudes Toward Tourism Impacts

Abstract

This study aims to identify the perceived impacts of tourism by residents in a community, Kusadasi, located on the Western Turkish coast. Based on a survey of 238 local residents, tourism impacts were assessed by a 33-item tourism impact scale, which measures both belief and affect toward the impact attributes. According to the mean measures, the most strong and favorable perceptions toward tourism impacts are found to be associated with economic, and social and cultural aspects of tourism, while environmental aspects are found to be the least favorable in terms of the perceived impacts of tourism. The study also identified whether there exist any significant differences between socio-demographic variables and resident's attitudes toward tourism by the analysis of variance.     

我国个人所得税居民身份判定制度存在的问题与完善

就个人所得税而言,判定一个自然人是否是一国的居民纳税人,直接决定着该自然人在该国纳税义务的多少。本文从我国个人所得税法对居民身份判定的有关规定入手,分析了我国个人所得税居民身份判定制度存在的问题,并提出了完善的建议。     

全国城镇居民生活消费区域差异分析

改革开放30年来,全国经济发展水平得到了日新月异的提高,但由于各方面因素导致各地区经济发展水平不均衡。为研究不均衡的区域经济发展给全国各地区人民生活带来的影响,本文采用聚类分析法将1997、2007年全国各地区城镇居民生活消费的分布情况进行对比分析,探究城镇居民生活消费的区域差异。     

Relationships between absenteeism,conservation group membership,and land management among family forest owners

Absentee landowners, or those who do not live on their forestland, own approximately 117 million acres of private forestland in the U.S. Thus, their land management decisions and activities influence the flow of forest-based goods and services. We explore the question of whether absentee family forest owners are less active land managers than resident landowners and whether membership in conservation organizations is associated with higher levels of land management activity by absentee owners. To examine these questions, we administered a mail survey to randomly-selected family forest landowners in Indiana. While we found some support for the contention that absentee owners are less active forestland managers than resident owners, we also found they are not necessarily inactive landowners. We found absentee owners were less likely to have: inspected their forestland for invasive plants, pulled or cut invasive plants, used herbicides to kill invasive plants, reduced fire hazard, or grazed livestock than resident owners. Absentee owners were more likely to be enrolled in the Indiana Classified Forest and Wildlands Program, a preferential forest property tax program. Absentee owners who are members of a conservation organization were more likely than absentee non-member owners to have undertaken a variety of land management activities, including: undertaking wildlife habitat improvement projects, inspecting their forestland for invasive plants, pulling or cutting invasive plants, enrolling in the Indiana Classified Forest and Wildlands program, and obtaining a management plan.