Tracking Can Be More Equitable Than Mixing

Parents and policy‐makers often wonder whether and how the choice of a tracked or mixed educational system affects the equality of opportunity. I answer this question by analyzing the influence of peers on future educational results. I define an equal opportunity policy as one that maximizes the average lifetime income of the worst‐off type of individuals in society (i.e., students from disadvantaged backgrounds). I find that tracking maximizes average lifetime income if the opportunity cost of college attendance is sufficiently high.     

Conventions and Gaming in Las Vegas: Friends,Enemies, or Strangers?

As cities look at various industries to strengthen their economies, officials have begun to examine conventions and gaming more closely as they have often been considered “recession-proof.” This study utilizes time series regression to analyze the effects of convention attendance and hotel occupancy on monthly gaming revenues for Las Vegas from 2002 to 2013. Three commonly held opposing viewpoints in trade literature are that conventions reduce, augment, or complement gaming. These viewpoints produced the hypotheses for this study. It was found that convention attendance had no significant relationship with gaming revenue; however, citywide hotel occupancy was found to have a significant positive relationship with gaming revenue. This finding rules out the reduction and augmentation hypotheses.     

Just looking for a good game: competitive balance in the Korean Professional Baseball League

Rottenberg’s uncertainty of outcome hypothesis is about preferences that can vary across fans and sports. We provide the first evidence of the empirical power of the hypothesis in the Korean Professional Baseball League (KPBL). In a panel data set, team-level aggregation over years shows that fans of this league attend in ways consistent with the hypothesis at the level of game uncertainty and consecutive season uncertainty, but only the first is statistically significant. KPBL fans appear to just be looking for a good game. This is consistent with the nearly complete concentration of post-season participation among a very few teams outside of the major population centre in Seoul and a lack of local team identification among KPBL fans. Our work adds to the diversity of league structures in the competitive balance literature since talent levels in KPBL are the result of parent company advertising choices rather than geographic identification. There are research questions and a policy implication.     

Hooliganism and Demand for Football in Italy: Attendance and Counterviolence Policy Evaluation

This paper empirically investigates the relationship between stadium attendance, hooliganism and counter‐violence policy measures in Italian Serie A. In particular, this paper analyses the impact of counter‐hooliganism policies adopted in 2007 on the quantity of game tickets sold. The counter‐hooliganism measures, grounded on an entry card, namely a ‘fidelity card’, were designed to keep out hooligans from stadiums so favouring the attendance of either occasional spectators or uncommitted fans. According to our econometric investigation the expected substitution between committed fans and uncommitted fans did not take shape. In sum, the ‘fidelity card’ did not turn to be successful if evaluated on the average attendance perspective.     

电子标签远距离的考勤运用

用RFID电子标签技术,设计了一套RFID电子标签考勤系统。该系统能实现多点自动考勤、数据存储、查询记录、打印报表、统一管理等功能,实现了局域网内考勤系统的网络数据共享。将该系统应用于学校考勤,解决了传统的人工考勤带来的工作繁琐、效率低下、容易疏漏等缺点。     

参会者的动机对会后行为的影响及参会决策模型——以"可持续和可替代性旅游国际研讨会"为例

会议旅游是重要的旅游细分市场之一,协会会议占会议市场70%以上,对协会会议进行研究具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文以协会会议中的研讨会为研究对象,选取有一定代表性的中国某学术会议进行实证研究,利用主成分分析和结构方程的分析方法,对学术会议参会者的动机及其参会决策过程进行了研究。获得如下发现:第一,中国学术会议参会者动机包括6大因子,显示出学术—关系的二元特征。第二,会后行为是参会动机和满意度二者影响之和。满意度作为中介变量对会后行为起着重要作用,参会动机对会后行为的影响起次要作用。第三,在上述发现的基础上对已有的参会决策模型进行了修正。     

External regulation,independent director attendance,and governance effects

In this study we examine how the regulation of director attendance disciplines directors’ behavior, and consider the governance effect of such regulations. This examination exploits the differences between the requirements for director attendance at board meetings enacted by the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SHSE) and by the Shenzhen Stock Exchange (SZSE). Using a difference-in-differences model with a sample of A-share listed firms from 2006 to 2017, we document that the rate of meeting attendance by independent directors who serve with firms listed on the SHSE (SHIDs) has increased significantly since the exchange’s enforcement of the regulation on attendance. This positive effect has been more pronounced for independent directors with legal backgrounds. Further investigations find that the regulation of attendance plays a corporate governance role through the mechanism of enhanced monitoring. The attendance regulation increases the SHIDs likelihood of casting dissenting votes, and it leads to both better accounting performance and higher firm value. In addition, SHIDs are more likely to depart from firms listed on the SHSE, and to transfer their directorships to firms listed on the SZSE, which has a less constraining attendance requirement. Our findings provide evidence of how external regulation shapes director attendance and voting behavior in emerging markets.     

Does a marching band impact college Football game attendance? A panel study of Division II

Marching bands are an integral part of the college football game-day experience by increasing both the quantity and quality of entertainment. Academic music programs could enhance a band’s entertainment value via better-trained members and recruitment of more highly skilled musicians. The impact of these influences on game-day attendance is explored using data from nine years of regular season games in Division II. The regression model controls for economic factors, home-team performance, demographic influences and game characteristics and employs boot-strap clustering methods for calculating standard errors of coefficients. Results suggest that a marching band, the existence of an academic music program and being a historically black college each exerts an independent positive impact on attendance after controlling for all other factors.     

高校选课制下蓝牙考勤管理系统的研究与实现

高校在选课制条件下利用校园网络平台、教务管理系统、短信推送平台、多媒体教室和学生手机组建基于蓝牙的课堂考勤管理系统,有利于提高教师考勤成效和学生到课率,有利于学校和家长实时掌握学生上课情况,以提高教学质量。