Valuing the Benefits of Coastal Water Quality Improvements Using Contingent and Real Behaviour

Recent moves in the European Union have beenmade towards a toughening of legislation onbathing water quality. This has focussedpolicy-makers thoughts on the welfare benefitsresulting from such improvements, especiallygiven their cost. Our paper uses a combinedstated and revealed preference approach tovalue coastal water quality improvements,focussing on an area of Scotland which hasconsistently failed to meet standards under theBathing Waters Directive. We combine data onreal behaviour with data on contingentbehaviour using a random effects negativebinomial panel model. This allows us to predictboth the change in participation (trips) shouldwater quality be improved, and the welfareincrease per trip. Our model includes allowancefor the existence of substitute sites, and forchanges in recreational behaviour during abeach visit.     

沐浴业发展的中外比较

沐浴业是一个重要但叉常常被忽视的休闲部门.近年来中国沐浴业发展迅速,它的发展模式逐渐成为新的研行究焦点.本文在建立沐浴业发展模型的基础上,进行了沐浴业发展的中外比较,指出了对中国沐浴业发展的启示.     

Case analysis on earnings management action based on issue right：Evidence from Chinese listed companies

The study in the past shows that the listed companies in China have the actions of manipulating profit to cater for the requirement of the Chinese Securities Regulatory Commission, manage earnings by means of dealings or managing the accrued profit items, so as to acquire the competence of rights issue, or lessen the risk of being suspended or canceled of trading. In this paper, the case analysis on earnings management based on rights issue right of listed companies is carded out with the samples of data from the listed companies of A-share from 1996 to 2001 and by means of earnings distributing, so as to prove the listed companies＇ response to the policies of rights issue and the existence of earnings management conducted by the rights issue companies for the purpose of rights issue, and observe the effectiveness of the securities market in China.     

海水浴场紫外线强度与海滩活动适宜性研究

紫外辐射过强会对身体产生许多负面影响.在海滩进行旅游活动的同时,怎样享受阳光,而又尽量避免紫外线危害,是每个海滩游客需要注意的问题.本文采集全国18个浴场天气状况数据,采用辐射传输方程计算得出各浴场2003-2004年泳季(中午12时)紫外线指数,计算泳季紫外线指数均值及10日滑动平均值;归纳大陆浴场紫外线强度及其分布特征.根据世界卫生组织及中国气象局紫外线分级标准拟定的评价标准进行评价,得出中国大陆18个浴场泳季适宜、较适宜和不适宜海滩活动的日数.并根据紫外线指数与泳季长度把大陆浴场划分为短泳季弱辐射型、长泳季弱辐射型、短泳季强辐射型、长泳季强辐射型4种类型.