规范性、功用性、互文价值体系——论“圣徒传记”的文类特点

圣徒传记是中世纪欧洲主流文学形式之一，该文类源远流长，但却长期为历史学家与文学批评家所忽视。该文类具有严格遵循传统和高度规范性特点。正因为该文类具有明确的纪念、宣教、和树立模范典型目的，使其成为基督教宣教的重要工具。     

浅议网络经济的社会制度成本

网络经济新业态的成败,从表面上看其焦点是商业模式问题,而社会制度成本的影响却往往被忽略。网络经济不是一个简单的部门经济,它广泛地改变着人们的生产、工作和生活方式。网络经济的社会制度成本主要表现在:需要广泛的制度重新设计和安排;需要广泛的社会协同;需要消费者的消     

High-Frequency Trading,Liquidity Withdrawal,and the Breakdown of Conventions in Foreign Exchange Markets

Conventions, or “that the existing state of affairs will continue indefinitely, except in so far as we have specific reasons to expect a change” (Keynes 1936), play a central role in over-the-counter markets. For instance, by allowing expectations about the future to become more harmonized and orderly, they act as stabilizers for the provision of liquidity. Conventions might, of course, change at any time. Nonetheless, by being attached to the daily trading routine and/or integrated within the institutional structure, the confidence in their relevance and validity can be long-lasting. In the foreign exchange market, in particular, where prices are quoted to end-users on demand, market-making banks rely on a convention to quote prices to each other to maintain liquidity. However, the rise of algorithmic and high-frequency trading poses a practical as well as a theoretical challenge to such conventions. By reacting ultra-fast to new information, including to new limit orders submitted by others, markets largely populated with algorithmic traders have become susceptible to a withdrawal of liquidity at an unprecedented speed and scale. Using a high-frequency dataset provided by Electronic Broking Services (EBS), we investigate the process of liquidity withdrawal from the foreign exchange spot market. By doing so, we consider the crowding out of conventions associated with liquidity provision, traditionally upheld through mutual understanding among financial institutions – in other words, reciprocity and trust among humans.     

国际贸易合同适用国际贸易惯例的实证分析

国际私法领域的国际贸易惯例与国际公法领域的国际惯例有着明显的区别。它与国际贸易合同的关系十分密切,无论惯例的适用、修改抑或排除都离不开合同的规定。最新国际贸易惯例有发展当事人意思自治原则的新趋向,允许甚至明确赋予合同当事人有选择、修改或排除适用惯例的权利。本文在探讨国际贸易惯例定义及其与合同关系的基础上,着重论证国际贸易惯例在合同中的实际适用及适用时应当注意的若干问题。     

Convention Site Selection Research

Abstract

Today, destinations aggressively compete for the rights to host some of the hundreds of thousands of meetings and conventions held around the world each year. Yet very little academic research has focused on this industry. This paper develops a conceptual model and research propositions as a basis for further empirical study.     

Economic Impacts of Conferences and Conventions

Abstract

This study examines the conference and convention trade as a travel activity. The objective of the research is to determine and compare the economic impact of conferences and conventions to the overall travel and tourism activity in a rural region. Expenditures of conference and convention participants and vendors were used. Annual visitor days totaled 970,051 for the activity. Non-resident visitors and vendors spent considerably more per activity day than residents. The residence of vendors must be considered when determining regional expenditures used for deriving economic impacts. Total sale impacts were $163.3 million. The value-added component of the economic impact totaled $98.4 million and 4,188 jobs were supported. Conferences and conventions were a major contributor to the regional economic impacts from travel and tourism.     

Meeting Planners' Perceptions of Site Selection Characteristics

Abstract

This study aims to examine meeting planner assessments of convention site selection characteristics for international meetings/conventions and to appraise the strengths and weaknesses of six selected major convention hotels in Seoul, Korea. The principle components procedure indicated that four factors accounted for 78 percent of the cumulative variance of the eleven site selection variables listed in the study.     

Academic conferences: a female duo-ethnography

Literature has identified a range of conference attendance motivations, including networking, professional development, and the venue/location of the conference. However, very few studies have examined delegate behaviour from a gender perspective, and studies focusing on the lived experience of conference delegates are extremely rare. This paper is guided by hermeneutic phenomenology and uses a duo-ethnographic approach to explore experiences of female academics attending tourism, hospitality, and events conferences. Findings suggest that there are particular issues for female delegates which have not arisen in previous studies. These include not only the importance of having strong female role models and the significance of fun and friendship, but also the prominent role of emotions, carer responsibilities, safety concerns, and harassment. The notion of the academic persona also emerged as a key part of the conference experience. Areas for future research are suggested and practical implications for conference organizers are also presented.     

Habits,Self-Control and Social Conventions: The Role of Global Media and Corporations

There has been an intellectual debate at least since the 1960s in business ethics on the role of the media in relation to consumer choice driven by either habits or rationality. If consumers are totally rational, then the global media and global corporations provide just information and knowledge. If consumers are influenced by habit then large corporations and global media can greatly influence consumer choice and create problems of self-control (Ainslie, 1992, Pico Economics: The Strategic Interaction of Successive Motivational States Within the Person, Cambridge University press, Cambridge). In this article, we provide a synthesis and integrated approach to this continuing debate. We provide a more institutional approach to consumer choice based on social conventions, rather than just on individual habits and lapses in self-control.