A bioeconomic model for estimating the optimal level of deer and tag sales

This paper presents a dynamic model that determines the optimal number of deer hunting permit sales, subject to the objective of maximizing the discounted economic benefits stream from both the consumptive and nonconsumptive uses of deer. This bioeconomic model integrates economic benefits estimated using the dichotomous choice contingent valuation method with biological growth constraints on deer. Using a hunting zone in California as a case study, the model found that the optimal levels of buck hunting permits sold should change on a rotational basis over time and that the current practice of not selling doe hunting permits for that zone is non optimal.     

Estimating the economic value of big game habitat production from prescribed fire using a time series approach

This paper demonstrates a time-series production technique to quantify the deer harvest and deer hunting benefits of controlled burns or prescribed fire. The time series regression model showed a statistically significant and positive effect of prescribed fire on deer harvest. The net economic value of the resulting additional deer hunting benefit was estimated using the Contingent Valuation Method at $ 98 per additional deer harvested. The initial deer hunting benefits of an additional 1,000 acres of prescribed burning are between $ 2,674 and $ 3,128 or $ 2-3 per acre. The costs of prescribed burning greatly exceed these benefits, suggesting that deer hunting benefits represent only a small part of the multiple use benefits of prescribed fire.     

Factors associated with hunter retrieval of deer hit by arrows and shotgun slugs

Abstract

Hunter retrieval of wounded deer was used as a case study to examine applications and limitations of leisure research for the management of recreational behavior. All hunters receiving permits to hunt in the Shiawassee National Wildlife Refuge during November 1–20, 1983, were sent mail questionnaires. A total of 457 (93 percent) of the archery and 143 (95 percent) of the firearm permittees responded after 3 mailings. Archery deer hunters were estimated to have retrieved 29 (43 percent) of the 68 different deer hit by arrows. Shotgun hunters were estimated to have retrieved 42 (81 percent) of 52 different deer hit. Discriminant analysis showed that the retrieval of deer hit with arrows was most likely when the shooter had tagged a large number of deer during former archery hunts, when the deer was hit in a position other than broadside, and when the range of the shot was short. Deer hit with slugs were more likely to be retrieved when hit by hunters with little experience in tagging deer during former firearm hunts, when the shooter also hunted deer with a bow and arrow, and when the shot was taken at deer that were not running. These data were interpreted to suggest how retrieval rates might be increased through regulation, education, and management of the recreational environment. The role of leisure research and theory in providing techniques and a rationale for modifying the behavior of recreationists is discussed.     

The Value of Changes in Deer Season Length: An Application of the Nested Multinomial Logit Model

Increasing deer populations can be controlled through manipulatingharvest limits or season length. While such actions often result in benefitsto hunters, both motorists and the agricultural sector also benefit as alower deer population leads to fewer incidences of harmful human-deerencounters. Traditional recreation demand models are often employed toexamine the welfare implications of changes in daily hunting bag limits.Studies measuring the effects of changes in season length, however, arenoticeably absent from the literature. This study uses a nested randomutility model to examine hunter choice over site and season selection toderive the values of changes in season length.     

黑龙江林区小城镇规模对狍子的影响

利用spss软件处理从野外得到的数据,研究林区小城镇规模对狍子的影响;分析表明,小城镇面积越大,狍子活动离小城镇越远,也就是说小城镇面积越大,对狍子的干扰越大。     

中国的鹿文化(一)

介绍了我国鹿资源分布现状，鹿的古文字记载，鹿字的形成和已发现的古代鹿岩画。     

Gender-Based Harvesting in Wildlife Disease Management

Wildlife disease management strategies traditionally focus on lowering aggregate host density below a host-density threshold, reducing infectious contacts (when transmission is density-dependent) to reduce prevalence. The focus on aggregate host density is because controls such as harvests are typically nonselective with respect to disease status. Such nontargeted strategies increase control costs and may not optimally lead to eradication. We consider targeting an observable trait correlated with infection—gender. Two endogenous host-density thresholds emerge, in contrast to the exogenous thresholds arising in the ecological literature on multiple-host-pathogen problems. The ability to manage these thresholds reduces control costs and makes eradication optimal.     

Managing Penn's Woods for old-growth forest tourism and deer

Cook Forest State Park was established in 1927 to preserve part of Pennsylvania's original forest. Using the concept of moral landscapes, this paper examines the park's creation resulting from one of the earliest wilderness preservation campaigns. Cook Forest's moral landscape has been shaped by differing values over production and consumption, deer hunting and non-consumptive tourism, and the role of humans in nature. This paper will examine the challenges of managing for rare eastern old-growth forests, which are the park's primary draw, and for white-tailed deer, which are ubiquitous but key to Pennsylvania's deer hunting tradition. This paper discusses how altering the moral landscapes is critical to reshaping attitudes of what ‘normal’ forests and deer populations are as the park expands hunting acreage, considers alternative silvicultural practices, and moves to emphasize secondary old-growth in addition to the much visited primary old-growth that will be dying out over the next 100 years.     

The Economics of Managing Infectious Wildlife Disease

We use a two-state linear control model to examine the socially optimal management of disease in a valuable wildlife population when diseased animals cannot be harvested selectively. The two control variables are nonselective harvests and supplemental feeding of wildlife, where feeding increases both in situ productivity and disease prevalence. We derive a double singular solution which depends on the initial state and does not require bang-bang controls. The case of bovine tuberculosis among Michigan white-tailed deer is analyzed. In the base model, the disease is optimally maintained at low levels, with intermittent investments (via feeding) in deer productivity.     

Managing Urban Deer

Conflicts are emerging between humans and wildlife populations adaptable to the high density of humans found in urban and suburban areas. In response to these threats, animal control programs are typically designed with the objective of establishing and maintaining a stable population. This article challenges this view by studying the management of urban deer in Irondequoit, NY. Pulsing controls can be more efficient than steady-state regimes under a wide range of conditions in both deterministic and stochastic environments, but potential gains can be dissipated by management constraints. The effect of citizen opposition to lethal control methods is also investigated.