黑龙江省普通高校开设滑雪课的可行性分析

笔者通过对黑龙江省普通高校开设滑雪课必要性、制约因素的研究以及可行性分析,可以看出,滑雪运动作为我国的一个新兴的体育项目,在高校的发展虽处于起步阶段,有种种制约因素,但通过调动一切积极因素,更新观念,在黑龙江省普通高校开设滑雪课是切实可行的。     

日本出境旅游现状及我国拓展日本客源市场对策

我国国际旅游业的发展与日本客源市场有着非常密切的关系。日本旅游者主要前往亚洲国家旅游,目前韩国是接待日本旅游者最多的国家。我国可以采取改善旅游基础设施,提高服务质量,培养精通日语的服务人才,开发温泉旅游和滑雪旅游等措施拓展日本客源市场。     

亚布力滑雪旅游度假区潜在客源市场的调查

亚布力滑雪旅游度假区拥有世界级的滑雪场,但近年来经营状况出现滑坡现象。在实地调查基础上,分析了亚布力滑雪旅游度假区潜在客源市场特征,证明其四季旅游产品开发市场潜力巨大;同时在分析外来游客及市民旅游意向的基础上,提出激活亚布力滑雪旅游度假区潜在客源市场的几点建议。     

The restructuring of winter sports resorts in the French Alps: problems,processes and policies

In the French Alps the last decade has been dominated by efforts to regenerate winter sports resorts. This follows an extended period of rapid growth, resulting in the demographic and economic revival of many alpine communities. However, flaws in the process of development were exposed in the late 1980s. Given the huge scale of investment in tourist facilities and the numerous livelihoods dependent on winter sports, restructuring became vital. The present paper analyses the causes of recent problems and evaluates related remedial policies, showing how implementing change can be complicated by the numerous actors involved and their frequently divergent strategies. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Roles of Heuristics,Avalanche Forecast,and Risk Propensity in the Decision Making of Backcountry Skiers

Backcountry winter recreation accidents and deaths due to avalanches have grown considerably in recent decades. To better understand how individuals make decisions in avalanche terrain, this study examined the decision-making factors identified by McCammon (2004) McCammon, I. 2004. Heuristic traps in recreational avalanche accidents: Evidence and implications. Avalanche News, 68: 1–10.  [Google Scholar] that are said to be complicit in avalanche accidents. This study also explored risk-taking propensity and avalanche forecast variables in decision making. Results indicate that five decision-making factors, risk-taking propensity, and avalanche forecast variables influence the decision to ski a slope. Implications for how individuals make decisions in risky leisure pursuits are discussed and implications for outdoor recreation, and avalanche education are considered.     

Effects of Climate Change on Alpine Skiing in Sweden

Climate change has already affected and will continue to affect physical and biological systems in many parts of the world. For example, annual snow cover extent in the northern hemisphere has decreased by about 10% since 1966, and in Sweden, the last decade was wetter and warmer than the preceding 30-year period. These changes will affect many aspects of utilisation patterns that are dependent on the physical environment, such as alpine winter tourism. In this paper, we discuss the future development of the downhill skiing industry in Sweden. We first review trends in alpine winter tourism in relation to climate change together with regional projections of climate change. Secondly, we examine trends in climate parameters relevant to alpine winter tourism in Sweden during the last 30 years. Thirdly, we take these parameters, together with regional projections of climate change, and predict effects on the number of skiing days in order to estimate the monetary loss for the skiing industry in Sweden. The analyses show predicted losses that are larger than current ski-ticket sales. Adaptation strategies such as the development of year-round tourist activities should be developed as soon as possible.     

Importance of early snowfall for Swedish ski resorts: Evidence based on monthly data

Since the early 1970s, Sweden has experienced an almost uninterrupted surge in demand for downhill skiing. However, from the 2009/2010 season, lift ticket sales have stagnated. With the use of monthly data, this study investigates the role of snow depth and economic factors in the demand for downhill skiing in Sweden. The empirical approach is based on a seemingly unrelated regression model, allowing snow conditions, but not economic factors to differ during the season. The estimates show that an early season increase in natural snow depth by 10 cm raises the growth rate of lift ticket sales by 9 percentage points in the same period. Further, the results indicate that downhill skiing is characterised by low income and price elasticities, implying weak impacts on demand for such changes. The price increase of lift tickets exceeds that of the inflation rate. The recent decline in demand might indicate changed leisure preferences.     

Tourism demand constraints: A skiing participation

This article provides a critique of the existing literature on leisure constraints. Alternative models are discussed, including the new “negotiation of constraints” model. This study operationalized the new model in order to examine the limiting factors for participants and nonparticipants of skiing. Qualitative analysis revealed that nonskiers faced a number of intrapersonal obstacles, whereas skiers were constrained by time, family, or economic factors. Analysis of questionnaires indicated that economic factors were the major limitations for both groups. When the groups were compared, t-tests indicated that their differences were significantly greater for intrapersonal constraints, supporting the findings from the qualitative research. However, the results did not fully support the new hierarchical model of constraints.     

Leisure constraints and the psychological continuum model: a study among recreational mountain skiers

Studying the factors that contribute to the development of skiing loyalty holds particular interest for ski resort managers and marketers, since it has been reported that recreational skiers’ dropout rates are considerably high. This study examines how intrapersonal, interpersonal and structural constraints, influence the development of skiers’ stage-based attitudinal loyalty (Attraction, Attachment and Allegiance stages), as conceptualised by the psychological continuum model, and further tests if constraints can be used for classifying skiers into the three stages of the model (Attraction, Attachment and Allegiance). Two hundred and thirty (N = 230) recreational skiers from one ski resort in North Greece participated in the study. The results indicated that the intensity of perceived constraints decreased from the lowest (attraction) to the highest (Allegiance) stage of the model. However, the hierarchical influence of constraints was not entirely confirmed, since all three types of constraints contributed to the stage classification of recreational skiers. The theoretical and applied implications of these results are discussed.     

影响中国滑雪旅游场地分布的因素初探

本文从地势、海拔、气候、植被、地貌、人口分布、交通情况以及周边旅游资源等方面对我国滑雪旅游场地的分布进行了研究,进而对中国的滑雪旅游场地分布进行了科学规划。将全国划分成四大区域：适宜修建滑雪旅游场地的区域、限制滑雪旅游场地规模的区域、零星修建滑雪旅游场地的区域和不宜修建滑雪旅游场地的区域。为我国的滑雪旅游场地的建设提供了理论依据。