The uneasy alliance of organisational culture and equal opportunities for ethnic minority groups: A British example

Recent statistics suggest that there is a continuing disparity in labour market outcomes between ethnic minority (EM) groups and their White counterparts. However, although there is now an abundance of statistical and anecdotal evidence that speaks to the disadvantage of EM groups, there is less understanding of the intraorganisational dynamics that give rise to the outcomes that are reported. Drawing on postcolonial, cultural capital, and social capital theories, this article argues that the dominant approach through which organisational culture is conceptualised and the ways in which it is commonly managed may encourage labour market inequality and disadvantage for EM groups (defined as access to employment and having opportunities for promotion while in employment). The article explores three intraorganisational interventions that are common in culture management initiatives (leadership, selective recruitment, and internal promotion) to illustrate the arguments. The article concludes by discussing a series of implications and highlighting the pivotal role of the HR academy and practitioners in generating deeper insights and attention into the potential sources of EM disadvantage that are linked to culture and culture management.     

“Going natural”: Black women’s identity project shifts in hair care practices

Hair care, a seemingly mundane consumption practice, is packed with sociocultural meanings and constitutes an important realm of identity work for consumers. Drawing upon existing literature on consumer identity projects, this paper investigates the experiences of urban, Black women in Kenya as they disengage from the normative practice of altering their natural hair texture using chemical straighteners (a practice that conforms to Eurocentric beauty ideals of straight, flowing hair), and adopt the non-normative hair care practice of “going natural,” in which they embrace their natural hair texture and hairstyles. This paper traces the historical, sociocultural, and political events that underpin the normative ideology associated with the identity marker of natural Black hair, and how this ideology influences the women’s “going natural” experience. Findings reveal tensions that emerge in the women’s identity project disengagement and reconstruction process, and how the women navigate their position as they reimagine their embodied identity quest.     

民族地区高职教育与地方经济良性互动的构建

在民族地区发展经济比其他地区面临更多的困难,在这些困难中最突出的是人才缺乏。它制约着经济的快速发展。要解决这一难题,一个重要的途径是发展高职教育。同时,只有民族地区的经济得到快速发展,民族地区的高职教育的发展才有良好的基础。因此,必须使民族地区的高职教育与当地的经济建设形成良性互动,才能实现两者的持续、稳定发展。     

The Economics and Bioeconomics of Folk and Scientific Classification

Synopsis This paper is the product of a collaboration between a biologist (Ghiselin 1997) who works on the philosophy of classification and an economist (Landa 1981, 1994) who works on the ‘Economics of Identity’: how and why people classify people based on identity in the context of a theory of ethnic trading networks. In developing the ‘bioeconomics’ (the synthesis of economics with biology) of classification, we crossed a number of disciplinary boundaries—anthropology, economics, sociology, biology, and cognitive psychology including evolutionary psychology’s ‘fast and frugal’ heuristics. Using a bioeconomics approach, we argue that folk classifications—the classifications used by ordinary persons—have much in common with scientific classifications: underlying both is the need for economy of information processing in the brain, for the efficient organization of knowledge, and for efficiency of information acquisition and transmission of information to others. Both evolve as a result of trial and error, but in science there is relatively more foresight, understanding, and planning.     

论民族传统节日的保护和利用

对民族传统节日加以保护和利用具有重要的历史和现实意义。我国在传统节日的传承上存在着诸多问题,吸引人们的关注和参与度日渐式微,面临洋节日的严峻挑战。但民族传统节日植根于民间,是传承民族文化、寄托民族感情、体现民族认同感的舞台,遵循民族传统节日保护和利用的原则,不断开拓创新,必然能使其发扬光大。     

文化旅游与民族旅游:一种理论概观

民族旅游、文化旅游近年来受到学界极大的关注，成为比较热门的研究话题。探讨了有关这2种旅游形式的基本概念，旅游、文化、涵化，介绍了西方一些学者对文化旅游、民族旅游的阐释，希望有助于文化旅游与民族旅游的理论构架。     

The Study of Ethnicity and Nationalism Needs Better Categories: Clearing up the Confusions that Result from Blurring Analytic and Lay Concepts

Synopsis It has been difficult to make progress in the study of ethnicity and nationalism because of the multiple confusions of analytic and lay terms, and the sheer lack of terminological standardization (often even within the same article). This makes a conceptual cleaning-up unavoidable, and it is especially salutary to attempt it now that more economists are becoming interested in the effects of identity on behavior, so that they may begin with the best conceptual tools possible. My approach to these questions has been informed by anthropological and evolutionary-psychological questions. I will focus primarily on the terms ‘ethnic group’, ‘nation’, and ‘nationalism’, and I will make the following points: (1) so-called ‘ethnic groups’ are collections of people with a common cultural identity, plus an ideology of membership by descent and normative endogamy; (2) the ‘group’ in ‘ethnic group’ is a misleading misnomer—these are not ‘groups’ but categories, so I propose to call them ‘ethnies’; (3) ‘nationalism’ mostly refers to the recent ideology that ethnies—cultural communities with a self-conscious ideology of self-sufficient reproduction—be made politically sovereign; (4) it is very confusing to use ‘nationalism’ also to stand for ‘loyalty to a multi-ethnic state’ because this is the exact opposite; (5) a ‘nation’ truly exists only in a politician’s imagination, so analysts should not pretend that establishing whether something ‘really’ is or is not ‘a nation’ matters; (6) a big analytic cost is paid every time an ‘ethnie’ is called a ‘nation’ because this mobilizes the intuition that nationalism is indispensable to ethnic organization (not true), which thereby confuses the very historical process—namely, the recent historical emergence of nationalism—that must be explained; (7) another analytical cost is paid when scholars pretend that ethnicity is a form of kinship—it is not.     

集市旅游--民族文化旅游开发的新途径

民族文化旅游主要指少数民族民俗文化旅游，目前已有多种类型的开发方式。集市是少数民族地区广泛存在的按一定周期聚集形成的市场，是定期出现的经济文化民俗大展演。集市旅游具有保持民俗的原生态、时空结构方便利用、便于产品化、传统和现代便于兼容等优势，是前程远大的民族文化旅游开发新途径。     

西北民族地区产业结构变迁的减贫效应模型分析

[目的]随着我国社会经济发展进入新时代,在新的发展理念下解决相对贫困和区域深度贫困问题成为扶贫工作重点。在此背景下,探讨产业结构变迁对缓解民族地区相对贫困的影响,具有重要的理论与现实意义。[方法]文章以"相对农民人均纯收入增长率"作为相对贫困的表征指标,对2006—2014年西北民族地区61个国家级扶贫重点县相对贫困变动情况进行了测算。在此基础上,利用面板数据,对产业结构变迁整体效应进行逐步回归分析,并通过构建工具变量对回归结果进行稳健性检验。[结果]西北民族地区的经济增长主要依靠第二产业的快速发展,虽然所有地区都表现出第二产业的不足或定位不高的现象,但是对于拉动整体经济和构建产业链仍然具有不可替代的作用。受传统因素的影响,第二产业的从业人员数量很少,大量从业人员仍然集中于第一产业。[结论]由于扶贫体制机制存在的问题,贫困人口由第二产业发展的直接获益有限。贫困人口的主要获益方式仍然是政府主导的国民收入再配,所以财政支出对于贫困变动始终具有明显的正向效应。做好西北民族地区的扶贫工作,应当加大扶贫政策的倾斜力度,加强扶贫对象和措施的精准性,着重智力扶贫和技能扶贫措施。     

小农生产与社会化服务体系的融合研究以滇黔桂78个民族乡镇为例

[目的]为全面研究农业社会化服务体系中存在的市场失利、组织失能、科技失效和保障失助问题,通过调研获得1988—2017年滇黔桂地区78个民族乡镇的相关数据,分析探讨小农生产与社会化服务体系融合过程中存在的困境和问题,为促进二者间的深度融合寻求对策措施。[方法]文章运用LASSO压缩回归,对原指标体系的70个变量进行精简,得到解释力更优的选模型;采用因子分析建模计算四大要素嵌入的得分;构建VAR模型以探究四大要素间的联动关系。[结果]实证分析表明,滇黔桂地区农业社会化服务体系中的四大要素嵌入间存有融合不够、互动不足、协调不力等问题。从VAR (1)模型来看,滞后一期的农业社会化服务体系的四大要素均能在当期有效提升某一要素的水平,因此,四大要素必须同步协调发展。从方差分解的贡献率来看,每一种要素对自身的贡献率最大,仍需依靠自身的内力推动四大要素间的协同发展。[结论]在实现现代要素与农户协作的"耦合"、组织效率与专业分工的"互促"、科研教育与政策需求的"协同"和行政引导与市场自觉的"内化"后,能有效促进系统的"嵌入式融合"。