论语言的生成模式

从不同的角度分析，可以勾勒出语言的多种生成模式。从语言产生的社会动因来看，语言是在劳动协作中产生的，劳动协作的需要是语言产生的必要性，劳动促使发音器官进化完善为语言产生提供了可能性。从语言社会化过程来看，语言的产生经历了个体记号语言、一般记号语言、结构稳定，且音义结合的社会交际语言几个阶段。从语音与语言的结合过程来看，语义是被理解的存在，语音是人赋予的声音代码，语音相对于语义来说是第二位的。     

Tourism communities and social ties: the role of online and offline tourist social networks in building social capital and sustainable practice

Mobile connectivity enables the adoption of new ways to connect with social networks which are changing how we might, and could, seek support. In the tourism domain we increasingly blend online and offline presence to engage with social networks in the spatial location, at a distance and across time. This paper explores the forms of community that exist in physical tourism contexts, contexts not previously analysed through a community lens, and explores how mobile technology is creating connections within and beyond existing social networks. It examines how sustainable tourism can be enhanced by mobile connectivity through new space–time practices and using ephemeral interpersonal relationships to harness niche groups to create bottom-up social systems interested in sharing experiences, ideas and resources. Special attention is given to the concept of gelling socialities which proposes a less ridged network structure, and to the need to understand the increasingly liquid social dynamics of mobile social interactions. The paper adds to the theories surrounding community, social ties and tourism's value to society. It draws on data from in-depth interviews undertaken while designing and testing a collaborative travel app. It contributes to growing research into the new technologies increasingly available for sustainable tourism marketing and implementation.     

煤矿火区下开采技术研究报告

本文对煤层容易自燃的矿井,通过对小窑火区的黄泥灌浆,火区下采煤工作面采用均压通风和喷洒氯化镁阻化剂,采煤工作面两端头后部构筑粉煤灰和胶凝剂墙体,防止小窑火区一氧化碳等有害气体向采煤工作面涌出,也防止本工作面采空区遗煤的自燃发火。