滇西北地区耕地利用存在的问题及对策

滇西北地区山高坡陡，区位特殊，耕地总量少，坡耕地多，陡坡种植面积大，农业生态环境脆弱。随着滇西北地区保护与发展行动计划在该区域实施，必须加大投入力度，加快基本农田建设步伐，彻底改善农业生产条件，提高耕地单位面积产量。同时要加快退耕还林还草，改善区域生态环境。     

基于CDM机制下森林碳汇市场空间分析

在京都议定书减少温室气体排放条约中,CDM是唯一涉及到发展中国家,我国仅能采用CDM机制帮助发达国家实现减排任务,同时促进我国的可持续发展。本文基于CDM机制下分析不同减排途径下的社会经济效益,进而通过采用环境库兹涅茨曲线分析CDM机制下造林和再造林项目社会经济环境效益。通过对发达国家减排需求和我国减排项目分布情况来分析得出各种项目的减排市场空间。     

Would You Choose Your Preferred Option? Comparing Choice and Recoded Ranking Experiments

Previous research has shown that results from a choice experiment are statistically different from those obtained from a ranking experiment that is recoded and treated as a choice experiment using only the first rank. By avoiding some of the shortcomings of previous comparisons, we obtain the opposite results using data from the valuation of a cork oak reforestation program in the south of Spain. Structural models and welfare estimations are statistically indistinguishable irrespective of the use of parametric or bootstrapping tests. Further, we employ follow-up questions and subsample analysis to test whether divergences appear when potential effects are isolated.     

2007年全国林业经济运行情况

2007年我国林业经济运行情况良好,完成荒山荒地造林390.77万hm3,比2006年增加1.87万hm2;林业重点工程完成造林面积268.16万hm2,比2006年减少13.56%;林种结构进一步优化,非公有经济造林成为林业建设的重要力量;林业产业总产值达到1.25万亿元,比2006年增加1881.20亿元,增长17.66%;木材产量为6976.65万m3,为近10年历史最高水平,国内木材供给能力显著增强;林业建设资金实际到位793.68亿元,比2006年增长25.78%,资金到位率为93.15%;全部林业投资完成额达到645.75亿元,比2006年增长30.25%。     

Sustainable forest management: heritage tourism,biodiversity, and upland communities in the Philippines

This paper discusses sustainable forest management in the context of forest-based tourism in the Philippines. Integrating heritage tourism in the implementation of forest management is paramount because the quality and sustainability of nature tourism depend on the ecological integrity of forests. The role of tourism in achieving the goals of sustainable forest management is crucial especially in countries such as the Philippines where the demands for forest resources for tourism and other purposes have been increasing. The tourism management strategies to achieve sustainable forest management in the Philippines include establishing recreational zones within protected forests; using different native fruit-bearing trees in reforestation to attract diverse wildlife, which is a drawcard in tourism; prohibiting illegal collections of threatened forest species for souvenirs; enhancing the tourism and conservation values of botanic gardens within forest reserves; providing supplementary livelihoods to upland dwellers via agroforestry projects; and respecting the culture and practices of indigenous upland people while supporting their economic and traditional subsistence.     

Geographically explicit global modeling of land-use change, carbon sequestration, and biomass supply

This study aims to determine whether carbon sequestration policies could present a significant contribution to the global portfolio of climate change mitigation options. The objective is to model the effects of policies designed to induce landowners to change land use and management patterns with a view to sequester carbon or to reduce deforestation. The approach uses the spatially explicit Dynamic Integrated Model of Forestry and Alternative Land Use (DIMA) to quantify the economic potential of global forests. The model chooses which of the land-use processes (afforestation, reforestation, deforestation, or conservation and management options) would be applied in a specific location, based on land prices, cost of forest production and harvesting, site productivity, population density, and estimates of economic growth. The approach is relevant in that it (1) couples a revised and updated version of the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios with the dynamic development of climate policy implications through integration with the Model for Energy Supply Strategy Alternatives and their General Environmental Impact (MESSAGE); (2) is spatially explicit on a 0.5° grid; and (3) is constrained by guaranteeing food security and land for urban development. As outputs, DIMA produces 100-year forecasts of land-use change, carbon sequestration, impacts of carbon incentives (e.g., avoided deforestation), biomass for bioenergy, and climate policy impacts. The modeling results indicate that carbon sequestration policies could contribute to a significant part of the global portfolio of efficient climate mitigation policies, dependent upon carbon prices.     

清洁发展机制下造林再造林项目实施障碍分析与对策建议——以中国广西珠江流域治理再造林项目为例

以中国广西珠江流域治理再造林项目为例,从国际国内政策、技术、市场、资金等方面分析了清洁发展机制造林再造林(CDMAR)项目准备和实施过程中遇到的障碍,提出了克服障碍的对策和建议,包括放宽土地合格性条件及扩大林业碳汇项目的实施范围、更改对CDM AR项目非永久性的处理办法、简化CDM AR项目国内和国际审批和注册程序以及监测要求、提高CDM AR项目实施过程的灵活性、缓解市场障碍、加大困难立地造林关键技术研究与推广示范等建议。     

撂荒、弃耕、退耕还林与休耕转换机制谋划

撂荒、弃耕一直困扰着我国耕地红线和粮食安全,而土地过度开发引起的地力下降、环境破坏是不争的事实;在保证粮食安全的前提下,休耕是把撂荒、弃耕以及二调新增的耕地与退耕还林、土地整治有机结合的有效方式,可恢复地力、修复环境。应继承我国休耕的优秀传统,并借鉴欧美休耕的先进经验,建立计划和市场有机结合的撂荒、弃耕、闲置、退耕还林、二调新增耕地与休耕转换的有效机制：运用计划手段把休耕纳入国土规划,并把撂荒、弃耕、闲置、退耕还林、二调新增耕地纳入休耕计划;运用退耕还林等休耕补偿和撂荒、弃耕、闲置赔偿以及土地收回等市场手段,把休耕市场化。     

林业碳汇项目引进的SWOT分析和应对策略研究——以浙江省临安市为例

立足于造林再造林的项目背景,运用SWOT分析法,分别对临安引进林业碳汇项目的内部优势、劣势,外部机遇和威胁进行分析;最后,提出了临安引进林业碳汇项目的应对策略:利用森林可持续经营国际合作实践优势,实行林业碳汇项目试点;加强森林资源管理,为碳汇项目开展提供保障;协调发展经济建设和林业碳汇;突出临安竞争优势引进碳汇项目。