Universal type structures with unawareness

Infinite hierarchies of awareness and beliefs arise in games with unawareness, similarly to belief hierarchies in standard games. A natural question is whether each hierarchy describes the playerʼs awareness of the hierarchies of other players and beliefs over these, or whether the reasoning can continue indefinitely. This paper constructs the universal type structure with unawareness where each type has an awareness level and a belief over types. Countable hierarchies are therefore sufficient to describe all uncertainty in games with unawareness.     

Awareness as a foundation for developing effective spatial data infrastructures

The development of an effective spatial data infrastructure (SDI) often occurs in a fragmented organizational environment requiring a high level of inter-organizational collaboration. Different organizations from various jurisdictions need to work together closely when agreeing on how they will jointly register, store, use and share data and how they will make their data available to the wider society. However, this collaboration is generally regarded as very difficult. For example people often resist data sharing across organizational boundaries due to loss of control, power and independency. Organizational issues are thus considered one of the fundamental constraints to inter-organizational sharing of spatial data.     

Adoption of farm‐based irrigation water‐saving techniques in the Guanzhong Plain,China

This article analyses adoption of farm‐based irrigation water saving techniques, based on a cross‐sectional data set of 357 farmers in the Guanzhong Plain, China. Approximately 83% of the farmers use at least one farm‐based water‐saving technique. However, the traditional, inefficient techniques border and furrow irrigation are still prevalent whereas the use of advanced, more efficient techniques is still rather rare. We develop and estimate an adoption model consisting of two stages: awareness of water scarcity and intensity of adoption. We find that awareness of water scarcity and financial status enhance adoption of more advanced techniques whereas access to better community‐based irrigation infrastructure discourages it. We furthermore find both community‐based irrigation infrastructure and farm‐based irrigation water‐saving techniques have mitigating effects on production risk. From the results it follows that adoption can be stimulated via financial support and via extension aimed at enhancing awareness of water scarcity.     

A Review of The Empirical Ethical Decision-Making Literature: 1996–2003

This review summarizes and critiques the empirical ethical decision-making literature from 1996–2003. One hundred and seventy-four articles were published in top business journals during this period. Tables are included that summarize the findings by dependent variable – awareness, judgment, intent, and behavior. We compare this review with past reviews in order to draw conclusions regarding trends in the ethical decision-making literature and to surface directions for future research.Michael J. O’Fallon is a graduate student in the Department of Management and Operations at Washington State University. His primary research interest is individual ethical decision-making and behavior in organizations. Recently, he has explored issues in organizational behavior, human resource management, and consumer behavior toward genetically modified foods.Kenneth D. Butterfield is an associate professor of management at Washington State University. He received his Ph.D. in Business Administration from The Pennsylvania State University. His research has been published in a variety of academic journals, including Academy of Management Journal, Academy of Management Review, Business and Society, Business Ethics Quarterly, Human Relations, Journal of Higher Education, Journal of Managerial Issues, and Research in Higher Education. His current research interests involve organizational behavior issues such as managing ethical decision-making and behavior in organizations, examining why people fail to recognize moral issues, understanding academic dishonesty and promoting academic integrity, and examining organizational punishment from the manager’s perspective.     

金融危机到来时提高我国高职院校毕业生劳动法律意识的探索

在全球就业形势普遍严峻的背景下，我国的就业形势是：希望与困难同在，机遇与挑战同在。随着新一轮科技革命步伐的加快，人类将面临一个竞争更加激烈的时代。由于受社会负面文化和学生自身道德以及心理成熟程度的影响，当代大学生的法律意识还没有达到应有的高度。面对这种情况，进一步增强他们的法律意识，增强大学生特别是毕业班学生对法律的信任，提高他们的法律素养，势在必行。     

初探政治课教学培养学生的国际意识

国际意识是相对民族意识而言的,是个人世界观的一种体现,大学生是社会人群中思想最为活跃的一族,他们的世界观、情感和价值取向,关系到一个国家或民族的文化取向。借助政治课教学这个有力的武器,培养当代大学生的国际意识成为当前政治课教学不可回避的任务。     

浅谈广东省高校体育课教学改革

大学体育课是大学生在大学期间参加体育锻炼的主要途径,同时也影响着今后进入社会后参加体育锻炼的健身意识,目前广东省体育课教学需要进行改革束培养大学生参加体育锻炼的思想与意识。     

社会资本与个人创新意识关系研究

通过世界价值观调查数据库,对比中、美两国样本,研究了社会资本对个人创新意识的影响。结构方程模型输出结果显示,结构型社会资本对创新意识有积极作用,但认知型社会资本无显著影响。这说明社会资本中的社交活动因素有助于创新意识提高,但信任和价值观因素的作用不显著。另外,社会资本对不同群体创新意识的促进作用存在差异。     

Analysis of the Awareness of Green Products in the City of Kolkata

ABSTRACT

In this study, the author analyzed the awareness of the people regarding green products. Green products are available from the retail market. A questionnaire survey was conducted of people in three different places in Kolkata, India. The questionnaire contained “yes/no” answers, and a ranking of the questions were modified for the different venues. Ranking was done by using the coefficient of variation method. Because of the variation in the answers, the central tendency of the feedback changed the questions. The survey was administered to 315 people from each area. After statistical quantification of the feedback from the survey questionnaire, using Spearman's correlation coefficient, the variability was tested, to identify the true comments of the people. It was found that the North Kolkata people from the Shyambazar area are most aware of green products.