Drug testing and the law

This article examines judicial and administrative rulings and legislation involving or related to the issue of drug testing in the workplace. It discusses the rights of employees in the public and private sector: constitutional rights; federal, state, and local statutory rights; rights of unionized employees; and common law rights. It analyzes both the current state of the law and future directions the law may take, as courts and administrative agencies decide more cases and governmental bodies continue to pass drug testing legislation.     

我国公司法定类型的反思及逻辑建构

自公司诞生以来,公司这一组织形式就受到各国商业实践和立法的特别重视。各国商事立法均对公司类型加以规定,并分门别类地对公司设立、股东权利、公司治理等进行相应规范。虽然商事逻辑的共通性拉近了各国立法上的公司类型,但各国在公司法定类型及相应公司规制上的差异仍旧鲜明。这也反映在我国学界对公司法定类型的争议上。我国公司法定类型改革应坚持本土商业实践逻辑,并确保改革成本最小化。由此,保留有限责任公司和股份有限公司,并按公司规模大小进一步区分出大型公司与小型公司,就成为理性选择的结果。具体而言,在有限责任公司中,增设大型公司,明确大型公司认定标准,并在公司机关设置、财务会计制度等方面给予相对严格的例外规定;在股份有限公司中,增设小型公司,对其赋予更加灵活、便捷的自治,并将上市公司扩增为公众公司。     

对宪法保护私有财产权的法学思考

党的十六大提出,"完善保护私有财产的法律制度".宪法是国家的根本大法,私有财产权是公民的基本权利.2004年3月14日,第十届全国人民代表大会第二次会议审议通过的<中华人民共和国宪法(修正案)>,第一次从宪法的高度,对保护私有财产权作了明确规定.本文从法学的角度,对宪法保护私有财产权上存在的问题、此次修宪的主要内容和重大意义进行了深入论述,认为将保护合法的私有财产权不受侵犯写进宪法,这是历史的进步.同时,提出建立违宪审查制度、宪法诉讼制度、正当程序制度和平等保护制度的建议,认为立法的目的在于实施,要使私有财产权从宪法上的权利变成现实的权利,理论上需要深入细致的研究,实践中需要开拓创新的探索.     

关于《深圳经济特区政府投资项目审计监督条例》的修正建议

本文主要对《深圳经济特区政府投资项目审计监督条例》在审计内容、决算送审时限、法律责任三个方面存在的问题进行了深入分析,进而有针对性地提出了法规修正建议。     

宽严相济刑事政策在刑法修正案(八)中的体现

《中华人民共和国刑法修正案(八)》在定罪、量刑和刑罚的执行等方面都体现了宽严相济刑事政策,为刑法目的的实现提供了更加坚实的基础和更加充足的保障。     

从马尼拉修正案谈我国航海类学生管理工作的改进

针对目前我国船员外派市场面临的形势和国际航运市场发展的大趋势,从STCW公约马尼拉修正案的具体内容入手,剥离出关于航海类院校学生管理方面的新内容,采取了逐条分析的方法,论述了修订内容的重要性,提出了学生管理部门应采取的措施。     

Subsidizing rent-seeking: Antidumping protection and the Byrd Amendment

This paper argues that a recent U.S. law, which distributes the tariff revenue resulting from successful antidumping petitions to firms that supported the petitions, increases the amount of antidumping protection requested by U.S. firms in two ways. First, by increasing the total benefits accruing to industries filing successful petitions, the law subsidizes rent-seeking. Second, by awarding these subsidies only to those firms that actively support the petition, it mitigates the free rider problem traditionally associated with collective actions. Empirical results provide strong evidence that industries have filed more antidumping petitions under the new law. Moreover, the average proportion of firms in the industry filing these petitions increased under the law, suggesting that the law at least partially alleviates free riding incentives.     

我国专利权行政保护机制探讨

在竞争不断加剧的国际背景下,专利权的保护水平已经成为了衡量国家综合国力的重要指标之一。专利权的司法和行政双轨制保护是我国知识产权制度的一大特色。文章通过国内外专利权行政保护的比较研究指出,在较长一段时期内,中国保持较强的专利权行政保护符合我国现阶段社会发展的需要。借鉴美国、德国及其他发达国家和地区有关专利权行政保护成功经验,改善我国专利权行政保护机制以维护国家利益和本土专利权主体的合法权益。     

试论我国老年人刑罚从宽处理原则之合理性

老年人刑罚从宽处理原则是我国《刑法修正案(八)》的重要内容。这一原则不仅符合法律面前人人平等、罪责刑相适应的刑法基本精神,符合公平正义的法治精神,具有现实的法律意义,而且顺应了当代法律的发展趋势。     

Tuition increases Geaux away? Evidence from voting on Louisiana’s amendment 2

In many states, public institutions of higher education have the autonomy to raise tuition. This has not been the case in Louisiana since a 1995 constitutional amendment required a two-thirds majority of the state legislature for any tuition increase. In November of 2016, voters in Louisiana rejected Amendment 2, a constitutional amendment that would have given state institutions of higher education autonomy in setting tuition. We examine parish-level voting on Amendment 2 using an empirical political economy model and find that parishes with a greater percentage of African-Americans and university employees were more likely to vote yes. Student enrolment at public institutions seemingly did not play a role in Amendment 2 losing.