数字普惠金融发展是否显著影响了居民消费——来自中国家庭的微观证据

本文就数字普惠金融的发展对居民消费的影响进行了理论探讨和实证检验。研究结论表明:(1)数字普惠金融的发展显著促进了样本期的居民消费,且这一促进效应在农村地区、中西部地区以及中低收入阶层家庭更为明显,同时数字普惠金融发展中除覆盖广度外,使用深度以及使用深度指标中支付、保险与货币基金这三个子指标均显著促进居民消费;(2)数字普惠金融主要通过缓解流动性约束、便利居民支付两种机制促进了样本期的居民消费;(3)使用工具变量法以及将数据集替换为中国劳动力动态调查数据的估计结果表明结论比较稳健和可靠;(4)人力资本差异的分样本回归结果显示,当户主的受教育程度越高、认知能力越强时,数字普惠金融对样本期居民消费的促进效应更为明显;(5)数字普惠金融的发展显著促进衣着、居住、日用品、交通通信以及其他商品和服务的消费支出;(6)家庭债务收入比的分样本回归结果显示,数字普惠金融的发展仅仅促进了中低债务收入比家庭的消费支出,而对高债务收入比家庭的消费支出却存在不显著的抑制效应,同时数字普惠金融的发展确实增加了家庭的债务收入比,因此在积极推动数字普惠金融发展的同时,也需提防居民家庭债务的过度和过快增长。     

农村劳动力流动对农户共同富裕的影响研究

目的 促进共同富裕的重点和难点仍然在农村,文章旨在探讨农村劳动力流动对农户共同富裕的影响机制与效应。方法 基于2018年中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）数据,首先从经济水平、精神富裕和生活质量等5个维度对农户共同富裕水平进行了测度,然后检验了农村劳动力流动对农户共同富裕的影响效应,并进一步讨论了劳动力流动范围和就业稳定性对农户共同富裕的影响。结果 （1）农村劳动力的流动显著促进了农户共同富裕,在通过采用有序响应模型Ologit和倾向值匹配（PSM）方法检验后,研究结论依然稳健。（2）从农村劳动力流动的范围来看,县域内的流动对农户共同富裕的促进效应最大,而跨省流动的促进效应最小。（3）从农村劳动力就业的稳定性来看,稳定就业对农户共同富裕的促进效应大于非稳定就业。结论 要加快推进县域城镇化发展,完善农民工市民化的政策,提升农村劳动力就业的稳定性,确保其在教育、医疗和社保等方面的同等待遇,真正实现农村转移人口的城市社会融合,从而促进共同富裕。     

居民家庭代际收入的影响因素分析及差异性分析——基于代际传递视角

基于中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）数据,使用Shapely方法探究人力资本、社会资本、财富资本及自然禀赋各因素对居民收入差距的影响程度,在此基础上将样本按照城乡及地区类别进行分组,探讨城乡及地区视角下的各因素对居民收入传递的差异性表现。结果显示,农村居民的社会资本解释程度要大于其对城镇居民样本的解释程度,城镇居民样本自然禀赋的解释程度高于农村居民样本。     

个人所得税改革可以刺激居民消费吗？——来自2011年所得税改革的证据

本文研究2011年个人所得税改革对居民消费的刺激效应。基于北京大学中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)微观面板数据,文章考察比较了工薪收入和个体户经营收入个税变动对居民消费行为的影响。研究发现,减税政策对于提升工薪阶层消费效果非常显著,个税下降100元,居民消费将上升138元;由于流动性约束、预防性储蓄和短视行为等因素的影响,个税改革对不同类型家庭消费的刺激效果存在明显的异质性;同时,税收下降对个体户消费行为影响较小且不显著。本文的政策含义在于,税赋过高直接抑制了居民消费,降低个人所得税、提高居民收入比重是刺激居民消费的有效手段。     

Does intrahousehold bargaining power enhance women's marital satisfaction? A perspective from two competing forces in China

In the context of two competing forces (i.e., socioeconomic transformation vs. traditional cultural norms) influencing Chinese family and its members, the paper uses the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) to empirically examine the causal relation between intrahousehold bargaining power and women's marital satisfaction. By employing an instrumental variable approach, the paper finds that intrahousehold bargaining power negatively affects women's marital satisfaction. This conclusion remains valid after performing various robustness checks. However, there are some heterogeneous effects found that the negative effect is particularly significant among those women of higher age and constrained by external traditional norms. These women are more conservative in their own thoughts and thus tend to support the traditional gender belief of “men being the masters of the family.”     

集体林权制度改革后面临的森林资源管理问题与对策

对集体林权制度改革后面临的产权纠纷、林地使用费的收取、森林资源交易、经营技术与集体生态公益林管理等森林资源管理问题进行了分析,并提出了对有纠纷的林地进行审查并重新界定,不同区域区别对待、制定相适应的森林资源管理政策与法规体系、组建森林资源交易市场等相关建议与对策。     

Does Population Aging Hinder the Accumulation of Human Capital? Evidence from China

There is no consensus on the impact of population aging on education investment. To explore this question, we first build an overlapping generations (OLG) model to theoretically analyze the effect of population aging on human capital investment in China, and then test our theory by conducting an empirical study based on micro household data. We find the following. (1) Theoretically, the OLG model shows that population aging has a crowding-out effect on education investment. (2) Empirically, the results show that the share of education and training expenditures decreases by 5.27 percentage points as the ratio of old people in the household increases by 100 percentage points, which confirms the crowding-out effect of population aging on human capital investment. (3) The crowding-out effect is far more intense on urban households than on rural households since health care expenditures will be greater in urban areas as population aging increases. (4) A quantile regression indicates that the negative effect of population aging on the share of educational expenditure is concentrated in households with higher shares of education expenditures. We confirm the robustness of our results using regional fixed effect and instrumental variable (IV) regressions.     

Environmental awareness and household energy saving of Chinese residents: Unity of knowing and doing or easier said than done?

Household energy saving is important for the realization of emission peak, carbon neutrality, and energy security goals in China. However, no conclusion has been reached on whether public environmental awareness can promote household energy saving. There are two major defects in previous studies. One is that they focus on the public intention to save energy rather than the real behavior; the other is that the endogenous problem caused by the measurement bias of environmental awareness is ignored. Based on China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) database, this study selects the change in average monthly household electricity charge and electricity consumption as the proxy variables of energy saving, and introduces the public perception level of social security and government corruption as the instrumental variable of environmental awareness. It is found that improvement of environmental awareness has statistical significance for household energy saving and there is still a lot of room for improvement. This conclusion keeps valid in several robustness tests. Further analysis shows that improvement of environmental awareness is more likely to promote energy saving in rural households, male household heads, and young people; and that education and income have a joint moderating effect on the energy saving effect of environmental awareness.     

Can digital financial inclusion promote female entrepreneurship? Evidence and mechanisms

Female entrepreneurship is important for business and economic development. However, women face greater obstacles than men in accessing financing and information, making it more difficult for them to engage in entrepreneurship. This paper examines the impact of digital financial inclusion on female entrepreneurship by using a national sample consisting of matched data from a digital financial inclusion index and a nationally representative survey. The results show that digital financial inclusion significantly promotes women’s entrepreneurial behavior. We find that digital financial inclusion can ease women’s financing constraints and provide business information to alleviate their information constraints. Furthermore, the development of digital financial inclusion improves women’s work flexibility, inspiring them to engage in entrepreneurship. In addition, digital financial inclusion has a greater effect on entrepreneurship among vulnerable women, such as those with less education or a lack of financial autonomy and those living in areas with high gender inequality, which supports the idea that digital financial inclusion can empower women.