幻梦与省思——爱伦·坡与狄金森死亡诗主题表达特色比较

爱伦.坡和艾米莉.狄金森在他们的作品中以不同的表现手法对死亡主题进行了独特的诠释。爱伦.坡以梦幻式的浪漫情怀将死亡的恐怖、凄冷、孤独和痛苦融为一体。艾米莉.狄金森的作品虽然也大量涉及死亡主题,但她的表现方式却显得更为理性,在她的诗作中没有阴冷恐怖的感受,只有平静和理性的沉思。     

Bioeconomic analysis of herpetofauna road-kills in a Florida state park

Road-kills are a major cause of mortality for a wide variety of herpetofauna, but management decisions on remediation procedures for reducing losses are based in economic realities. Because funding is finite for species conservation, bioeconomic analysis can assist in justifying, evaluating, and maximizing returns on conservation expenditures, especially for low-profile species such as herpetofauna. Here, we present a bioeconomic analysis of road-killed herpetofauna in Jonathan Dickinson State Park, Florida. Road surveys were conducted daily for four years to identify and enumerate the numbers of each reptile and amphibian species killed by vehicles. Conservative individual valuations applied to the losses formed the basis of a benefit-cost analysis aimed at identifying the thresholds at which remediation expenditures would be justified. We found an average of 64 reptiles and amphibians were killed/year, justifying conservation expenditures up to $32,000/year. However, if less conservative valuations were applied, especially for threatened and endangered species, justifiable expenditures rise dramatically.     

论爱米莉·狄金森的自然诗

古今中外诗人对大自然的情感往往是满怀感慨的。而爱米莉.狄金森对大自然却有着若即若离、恐惧与热爱的复杂心理。狄金森由于生活圈子狭小,她一般都是捕捉眼中的风景,体现出阴柔的美,而她描写景物的目的却是刻画自己的心境,是她对人生体验的艺术凝聚。狄金森诗中的自然是一个矛盾复杂的综合体,让我们感受到诗人那种囿于社会和文化却超越社会和文化的绚丽的心理图像。     

狄金森的圣事意象与信仰追求

艾米莉·狄金森一直试图建立起自己心目中的上帝 ,追求没有基督的神性。她借助基督教教义中的圣事语词 ,讥讽毫无意义的教堂圣事 ,进而走出教堂在自然和自我中寻找神性 ,并最终在自己的诗歌中创造了不朽的圣事 ,确立了自己独特的宗教信仰。狄金森诗歌中的圣事意象表明了诗人对传统宗教的反叛精神和对宗教信仰的独特的追求。