美国大豆倾销中国的实证分析

本文通过对中美两国大豆生产成本、收益、补贴和市场价格的详细分析和比较,并参照巴西大豆的相关数据,实证分析了美国大豆以低于"正常价值"倾销中国的事实。这种倾销给中国大豆产业造成了伤害,却惠及了美国大豆产业。随着美国大豆出口量的不断扩大,国际市场大豆价格出现上涨趋势,美国大豆生产者的成本利润率显著增加,美国大豆加工企业在中国的市场份额不断提高,这种倾销方式更倾向于掠夺性倾销。本文建议向美国大豆征收反倾销税,同时采取加大对国内农业基础设施投入等一系列措施,以避免其他农产品陷入与大豆同样的被动局面。     

WTO视野下倾销与损害之关系考量

反倾销是当今贸易争端的热点问题,我国已成为倾销调查的主要目标国之一。反倾销措施的采用必须符合诸多条件,而倾销与损害之间存在因果关系是其中最重要,也是最不易把握的一个因素。不同的标准反映了一国对进口产品的不同态度。对其深入研究以领会其精髓,于提高应对之策大有裨益。     

Foreign monetary shocks,differentiated products and international transmission: a two-country model with intra-industry trade

In this paper we study how the impact of a foreign monetary shock is transmitted between two monopolistically competitive economies engaging in intra-industry trade with differentiated products. Intra-industry trade is the only international link that works through the flexible exchange rate affecting national price levels and a product's internal and external relative prices. While national price levels are subject to purchasing power parity, the two relative prices are determined by the interaction between macro and micro variables. In this context, the exchange rate can insulate a national economy perfectly from a foreign monetary shock provided that monopolists adjust prices. Even if monopolists keep prices rigid, this shock only affects domestic real balances and aggregate demand, leaving domestic aggregate output unchanged because the real balances effect is just offset by the resulting unfavorable relative prices effects under the assumption of Spence-Dixit-Stiglitz preferences.     

澳大利亚反倾销政策及其特点探析

澳大利亚是世界上第二个制定反倾销政策的国家,其反倾销政策具有自身的特点。同时,在反倾销实践中,澳大利亚被称为全球四大传统反倾销用户之一,而中国则成为澳大利亚实施反倾销政策的首要目标国。本文从澳大利亚的反倾销管理体制出发,分析了澳大利亚反倾销政策的主要内容,进而考察了澳大利亚反倾销政策及其实践的特点。     

Temporary social dumping,union legalisation and FDI: a note on the strategic use of standards

This paper analyses the welfare implications for a developing country of using union legalisation as a policy instrument to attract inward foreign direct investment. While its presence may discourage a foreign multinational (MNE) from locating in the host country, unionisation is an important rent-extracting instrument for the host country. We show that if the MNE benefits from dynamic effects, the host country government may have an incentive to adopt temporary social dumping: banning the union in the short run to extract higher rents in the future. However, if the government can use a fiscal instrument in conjunction with union legalisation, the former can circumvent the need to engage in social dumping.     

What is Antidumping Policy Really About?

Dumping is whatever you can get the government to act against under the antidumping law. J. Michael Finger (1993, p.viii). Antidumping policy has become one of the most important instruments for protection in the international trade system, but at the same time it is the subject of an intense, though rather chaotic, debate. This paper provides an overview of the antidumping literature and the current issues. First it describes the origins of antidumping policy and provides some basic statistics on its current use drawn from several empirical studies. Next the paper discusses the economic foundations of antidumping law by examining the traditional and modern theories of dumping, as well as the industrial organization literature on price discrimination and predatory pricing. It is demonstrated that those economic foundations are weak. The paper also considers the fairness rationales for antidumping policy. Finally, it addresses the criticisms of antidumping laws, in particular in the context of the current antidumping versus competition policy debate, and discusses a variety of proposals for reform that have been made. The paper shows that the 1997 'cease fire' agreement between Canada and Chile is a promising approach toward reform of antidumping policy.     

中国对外贸易倾销与反倾销的对策分析

中国对外贸易发展迅速的同时，对外贸易遭遇的倾销与反倾销的指控越来越多，情况也变得更加复杂，应对这种形式，政府、行业及企业应协调合作，借助WTO争端解决机制采取相关对策。     

US Antidumping Law and Competition in International Trade

It is usual to argue that the US antidumping code and legal practice have become a substitute for tariffs now severely limited by GATT and, somewhat like these displaced tariffs, they are intended to limit the extent of price competition by foreign sellers. However, there is one set of conditions under which the regulations and duties, and the accompanying increase in market price they bring about, increases domestic producer surplus more than they decrease consumer surplus and therefore increase domestic welfare. As is shown, these conditions require antidumping duties to exclude foreign manufacturers from the domestic market in a specific inverse relationship to the prevailing market price. While the duties imposed with an antidumping violation implicitly set out an exclusion rate for foreign manufacturers, there is little in the US code or legal practice which suggests that the duties and exclusion rates are established with this specific rule in mind.     

国外反倾销研究最新发展及特点分析

在传统的贸易保护做法受到世贸组织规则的限制作用日益弱化的情况下,发达国家开始从WTO规则中寻求新贸易保护主义的新策略,反倾销措施应运而生。许多国家借助这一WTO所允许的合法手段行贸易保护主义之实,受到越来越多的质疑,对此学者们从不同角度进行了研究,文章对这一问题的研究进行了梳理。     

THE DIFFERENCE OF LAW ON ANTIDUMPING BETWEEN CHINA AND U.S

According to the statistics, China＇s total volume of foreign trade has exceeded 1 billion dollars in 2004. From 1997 to 2004, China began the Anti - Dumping investigation against the foreign products. Now, China is the world＇s biggest injured state of anti -dumping investigations. With the continuous come down of China＇s tariff, there are more and more dumping of foreign products in China. With increasingly severe anti - dumping lawsuits, we must be conscientious and make a good job of studying the basis of anti - dumping law and practice of the western countries, especially the USA. So that we can speed up the improve of China＇s anti - dumping legislation.