略论风险投资及在我国的状况

本文的目的在于研究和分析风险投资机制，特别是其独特的融资和投资机制，并结合我国风险投资发展的实际和我国风险投资的典型案例，分析在我国建立风险投资机制的对策。     

Doing Least Squares: Perspectives from Gauss and Yule

Gauss introduced a procedure for calculating least squares estimates and their precisions. Yule introduced a new system of notation adapted to correlation analysis. This paper describes these formalisms and compares them with the matrix and vector space formalisms used in modern regression analysis.     

Simple Decision Aids and Consumer Decision Making

To help consumers deal with increasing amounts of information, many online retailers offer simple decision aids, such as the ability to sort on a particular attribute or eliminate undesired alternatives. The authors propose that consumers use simple decision aids as substitutes for cognitive effort, potentially with adverse consequences for decision making. An experimental study shows that providing unrestricted sorting increases decision quality only when choice conflict is low; beyond a certain point, greater use of the decision aid is associated with declines in decision quality. A second study shows that that allowing consumers to sort alternatives only one time enhances decision quality and, when choice conflict is high, reduces decision effort. A third study shows that providing elimination as well as sorting tools helps mitigate the negative effects of simple decision aids. Although the availability of sorting alone hurts decision quality when choice conflict is high, decision quality under choice conflict is improved when both sorting and elimination tools are provided. Implications for retail practice are discussed.     

地方政府维稳绩效的前期考核——以T县“矛盾纠纷排查调处”机制为例

"矛盾纠纷排查调处"工作考核作为地方政府维稳的前期考核,是理解政府维稳行为的重要角度。文章主要以T县为例,介绍了矛盾纠纷排查调处考核的基本内容,分析了考核的侧重点,探讨了考核结果的合理性问题,进而提出采用淘汰赛模式来解释考核结果。文章据此对中国地方政府之间的竞争问题,得出了一个基本判断,即在锦标赛模式下,地方政府的主要动机是获得奖励,故努力争先;在淘汰赛模式下,地方政府的主要动机是避免惩罚,故重在避免落后。     

执政成本的执行偏差矫正与终结障碍消除

执政成本在运作中会产生执行偏差,这种偏差不仅会降低执政效率,还会致使执政偏离执政宗旨与目的。执政成本运作达到目的即完成任务,然而终结时却又常会遇到种种障碍。矫正执行偏差和消除终结障碍,是执政成本运作中的两个重要环节,也是提高执政能力,降低执政成本的重要工作。     

Your failure is my opportunity—Effects of elimination in contests

In this paper, we consider a sequence of multi-prize all-pay auctions, where low-performing players are eliminated along the way. We provide sufficient conditions such that equilibrium behavior is unaffected by the prospects of winning prizes in later rounds. When these conditions are not met, we identify a novel externality effect and derive equilibria in a model with two rounds. We compare our results to knockout tournaments in which players are partitioned into subcontests in each round.     

Singleton bias and lexicographic preferences among equally valued alternatives

Two experiments examined a form of singleton bias deducible from lexicographic choice and Tversky’s theory of elimination by aspects. In Experiment 1, 100 decision makers who chose from a set of job applicants defined by equal numbers of equally important qualifications tended to ignore the singleton defined by possession of a relevant attribute but tended to rank-order the attributes as predicted by lexicographic choice theory and showed various forms of singleton bias. In Experiment 2, 100 decision makers who chose from sets of unspecified alternatives, universities, and houses/apartments defined by attributes that they had individually rated as equally important ignored the attribute-defined singleton in every alternative set but manifested a different singleton bias in favor of the middle option of the on-screen display.     

论中国地方政府新架构与农村行政管理体制改革

我国农村现行的行政管理体制是党政权力高度一体化与地方政府体制高度统一的金字塔式权力结构。改革开放以来,“地区”一级已经演变成了实体型政府,其工作重心也转向城市建设与市政管理;而过去由议事、决策、行政、司法、财政为一体的县级行政体系却被肢解,逐渐形成了“双重衙门体制”;乡镇政权基本处于一种责任大、权利小、效率低的被动施政状态;村民自治又一直受到地方行政权力的制约,自身也缺乏财力的保障,几乎变成了“空壳民主”。下一步,中国地方政府行政体制改革的核心问题是从高度集权走向合理分权,按照地、县、乡、村四级连动的整体改革思路,撤消地区一级,强化县一级,精简乡一级,充实村一级,建立和完善适应社会主义市场经济体制发展要求及中国国情的农村行政管理体制和公共财政制度,提高整个社会的管理和服务水平。     

船用GPS卫星导航仪假性故障刍议

船用GPS对保障船舶安全运输具有重要作用，但在使用过程中，一些假性故障常导致设备无法正常运行。文中例举了几种假性故障及其排除方法。供交管指挥和船舶航行人员参考与借鉴。     

我国省部共建实验室的现状、特点与完善

省部共建实验室可分为省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地和省部共建教育部重点实验室两类。与国家实验室相比,省部共建实验室有其独特的发展定位,布局呈现区域特色。可以通过建立竞争和淘汰机制,不断完善科技评估体系,加强共建项目的过程管理评估,健全科技投入管理机制,优化投入结构等5方面进一步加强省部共建实验室建设。