创业导向对创新绩效的影响:顾客授权与开放式创新视角

开放经济下企业往往利用开放式创新范式进行技术创新。从开放式理论视角探讨创业导向对创新绩效的作用机制,重点探讨顾客授权的调节作用。以开放式创新为中介变量,以顾客授权为调节变量,构建一个被调节的中介作用模型。采用259家制造业企业的调查问卷数据检验研究假设,结果表明:开放式创新部分中介了创业导向与创新绩效间关系,顾客授权正向调节创业导向与开放式创新间关系以及开放式创新与创新绩效间关系,顾客授权与创新绩效呈正相关关系。最后,提出了管理建议和未来研究方向。     

Becoming empowered: organization change in a telecom company

The notion of empowerment has been used in the management discourse since at least the 1980s. As a normative model for the distribution of decision-making mandate and administrative and operative responsibilities, empowerment serves as a new shopfloor model or ideology for decentralized organizations of the new workplace. The practice of empowerment is, however, not very often empirically researched, causing a confusion about what empowerment implies in terms of shopfloor activities. This paper presents an extensive organization development programme at a Swedish telecommunication company. Rather than being an easily implemented model, empowerment appears as a complex, heterogeneous process in which the empowering of employees is embedded in local practices and workplace cultures.     

Assessing fishers' empowerment in inland openwater fisheries in Bangladesh

The Community Based Fisheries Management (CBFM) approach has made a significant contribution towards improvement of fishers' empowerment of inland openwater fisheries in Bangladesh aiming to manage their resources efficiently. This arrangement introduced CBFM approaches named fisher-led, community-led and women-led approach. A wider range of local institutional arrangements as community based organizations (CBOs) have been established through participatory process with legal entity. Now, the CBOs as local institutions and fishers are more empowered in participation of fishery management under co-management arrangement. The study reveals that there is still lack of institutional arrangement to be achieved at optimum level. This paper presents and assesses the empowerment status of the fisher communities in inland openwater fisheries under co-management arrangement in Bangladesh through Factor analysis and regression model. This study might have policy implication to replicate the community based fishery management approach to promote empowerment for better management.     

数字化赋能视角下突发公共事件应急管理系统研究——以新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情为例

基于应对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情治理的实践背景,以数字化赋能理论为分析视角,从结构赋能、资源赋能和心理赋能3个层面提出数字化赋能应急管理的内在机制。在此基础上,结合“共同治理”和“元治理”理念,对数字化赋能情境下突发公共事件合作治理系统目标、构成主体和运作机制进行探索性研究。结合案例探讨公民参与、数字化赋能如何进一步提升国家治理能力,对我国新时期应急治理体系完善和治理能力现代化建设具有一定启示意义。     

专利制度在高校科技成果转化中的运行机理及改革路径

一直以来,高校科技成果转化问题都是社会热点且亟待解决。权属分配是政府引导转化工作的突破点,而权属分配又与专利制度紧密相关。“拜杜法案”以美国专利法修正案形式发挥着促进成果转化的作用,也同样暗示了专利制度对成果转化的重要性和特殊性。现阶段,确有必要探讨成果转化激励失效与专利制度的关联性,分析专利制度在高校科技成果转化中的运行机理及决定性作用,并结合我国部分地区改革实践经验与相关法学理论观点,论证高校职务科技成果赋权改革的合理性。同时,对赋权改革如何疏通高校科技成果转化堵点进行分析,结合《赋予科研人员职务科技成果所有权或长期使用权试点实施方案》,展望专利制度变革及相关规则体系建设的前景与方向。     

Empowerment and resident support for tourism in rural Central and Eastern Europe (CEE): the case of Pomerania,Poland

Despite empowerment being a crucial component of sustainable tourism, few scholars have quantitatively operationalized empowerment and looked at how it applies to rural societies within the post-communist European Union (EU) member states. Knowing the high priority of sustainable rural development goals within the EU, empowering residents within these post-communist societies has become a pertinent issue especially where those societies appear more reluctant to engaging in democratic ways of decision-making. In response to this gap, this study tests the cross-cultural validity of the Resident Empowerment through Tourism Scale, and then evaluates how empowerment predicts residents’ support for tourism within the municipality of Choczewo, Pomerania, Poland. Using a theoretical perspective that blends Social Exchange Theory with Weber's Theory of Formal and Substantive Rationality, these non-economic empowerment dimensions are coupled with a measure of resident perceptions of economically benefiting from tourism to see if rural residents in Choczewo, Poland, are more swayed by the economic or non-economic benefits of tourism. Results show that residents within this Central and Eastern Europe setting are more influenced by the pride and self-esteem boost associated with psychological empowerment and the perceptions of increased community cohesion (i.e. social empowerment) than the economic promises of tourism.     

Empowerment in hospitality organizations: Customer orientation and organizational support

Although empowering employees has often been prescribed as an efficient strategy for hospitality organizations, the strategy alone cannot ensure success. Individual and organizational factors should be considered to increase employees’ perception of empowerment. This study examines the impact of employees’ customer orientation and organizational factors on the employee empowerment perceptions. Our findings, based on a survey of 203 guest contact employees, suggest that organizations should hire customer oriented people, guide them with service training, provide a reward system, and facilitate service standards communication in order to increase perceived empowerment. Implications of these findings for hospitality service managers are discussed.     

数字赋能企业商业生态系统跃迁升级的机理及路径研究

数字技术应用融合叠加商业模式创新催生商业生态新业态,实现跃迁升级。本文结合扎根理论与模糊集定性比较分析（fsQCA）方法,阐释数字赋能企业商业生态系统跃迁升级的机理,探究多重组态路径。从生态视角揭示了数字资源通过与传统要素资源融合释放数据价值,并驱动形成价值循环体系、实现价值共创、塑造商业群落,最终实现企业商业生态系统跃迁升级。基于fsQCA的多组态分析发现,数字赋能企业商业生态系统跃迁升级历经两个阶段分别为价值共创和商业群落生成。其中,价值共创实现有两条组态路径,即产品创新与要素融合相组合,技术融合同低产品创新、低数据资产相组合,且产品创新构成了价值共创的核心条件。商业群落生成的组态路径表现出以下特征：价值共创和价值链接协同下分别和网络组织、数据赋能相组合,网络组织和数据赋能互为替代,即在一方缺失时,分别与价值共创或价值链接组合实现商业群落构建。研究结论为企业商业生态系统的结构与功能持续优化,实现数字商业生态资源的充分共享及最优利用,提供了关键方法和思路。     

Deane–Draper stores: employee empowerment in a retail environment

This case focuses on the application of employee empowerment principles to a large retail group. It provides the opportunity to analyse the manner of the strategy implementation and the consequent impact on both individuals and the organization. The case establishes significant financial underperformance in one part of a retail group and investigates the use of ‘employee empowerment’ techniques - following Carlzon (1987) - to provide a solution. The case illustrates the dysfunctional activity associated with implementing empowerment without either appropriate management control or staff training, together with the dire financial implications. The Teaching Resource Note discusses alternative approaches that might have been adopted.     

员工的活性化与活性化的组织

职工队伍的活性化（empowerment)是全面质量管理中最为重要的概念之一，是职工参与的一种高级形式。活性化是指这样一种状态，即被激活的职工在规定的限度内，具有做决定和采取行动的知识、技能、职权和欲望。使组织的成员活性化是实现组织目标的关键举措之一。 本文着重讨论了活性化的含义、活性化组织的特征以及组织实现活性的各种途径。