Stochastic Technology, Risk Preferences, and Adoption of Site-Specific Technologies

A model of farmer decision making is developed to determine the extent to which uncertainties about soil fertility and weather affect the value of site-specific technologies (SSTs) using jointly estimated risk and technology parameters. Uncertainty can lead risk-averse farmers to apply more fertilizers and generate more pollution than in the certainty case. Ignoring uncertainty and risk aversion would overestimate the economic and environmental benefits of SSTs and underestimate the subsidy required to induce adoption. Accounting for uncertainties and risk preferences might explain the low observed adoption rates of SSTs. Improving the accuracy of SSTs would increase the incentives for adoption.     

PLANNING MULTIPLE LOCATION INVENTORIES

Supplying customer demand from comparable alternate inventory locations when an item is out of stock at its primary stocking point creates a virtual inventory for that item. The expectation is that if more inventories can be drawn upon, the inventory for an item would be lower, the fill rate would be higher, or both. While generally true that safety stocks will be lower, regular stocks, on the other hand, may rise with such cross filling of demand. In this study, a methodology is developed that balances the cross filling effects on both regular and safety stocks for determining whether an inventoried item should be cross‐filled. An example and guidelines are given to show how the methodology can be simplified and applied in practice.     

小氮肥清洁生产实践

文章介绍了沅江市氮肥厂废水闭路循环、尾气回收、废渣综合利用等工程,并介绍了该厂的生产工艺、污染源分布及排污特点。     

纯氧曝气的研究进展

介绍了纯氧曝气的生化机理、应用领域、供氧方式、污泥性能等以及它与普通空气曝气相比在技术、经济方面显示出的优越性。随着纯氧曝气的发展和国家新标准增加了脱氮除磷方面的排放要求，使得纯氧曝气在城市污水处理老厂的改造和新厂的建设中具有很好的前昔。     

Cost Uncertainty and Unilateral Abatement

Unilateral abatement is sometimes advocated in order to set a good example that will make other countries follow. The aim of this paper is to investigate whether existence of correlated cost uncertainty provides an incentive for a country to undertake unilateral abatement. The theoretical model is driven by two main mechanisms; first, a learning effect, as the follower country might reduce its risk premium as it can observe the cost level in the leader country. Second, there is the public good effect, i.e., the marginal benefit of abatement declines when abatement is a public good and other countries contribute to pollution reductions. Results shows that unilateral abatement would be efficient in reducing uncertainty about the unit costs of abatement if a country with low cost uncertainty would undertake abatement first, while a country with initially high cost uncertainty would follow. However, countries may prefer to act simultaneously because of the larger uncertainties that are inherent in a sequential game.      

300MW循环流化床锅炉NO_x控制分析

本文从300MW循环流化床锅炉燃烧控制和烟气排放现状出发,对300MW循环流化床锅炉NOx排放超标的原因、现状进行深入分析,探讨了控制NOx达标排放的措施,从而为300MW循环流化床锅炉的安全运行、环保达标排放控制提供参考和积累经验。     

石人沟铁矿尾砂充填集控系统的设计

本文介绍了一种建立在PLC控制基础上的基于石人沟铁矿尾砂充填集控系统的建设与应用，主要从项目概况、项目建设等内容进行了阐述，包括现场的设备构成、硬件搭建方式、以及软件功能、系统建成后取得的实际效果等内容。     

浅圆仓环流降氧工艺研究

本文主要对环流充氮工艺进行研究,结果表明：以氮气95%和98%两种浓度比以90%、95%和98%三种浓度进行阶段环流充氮可以节能40%左右;氮气浓度95%保持35天能够抑制锯谷盗、赤拟谷盗和书虱等的生长发育甚至死亡;在密闭保持期间氮气在粮堆中以相似的速度进行自由扩散,而且当仓内氮气浓度大于95%后继续进行补氮成本将大幅增加。     

Reduction in nitrogen fertilizer use results in increased rice yields and improved environmental protection

Overuse of nitrogen fertilizer represents a considerable environmental problem globally, but especially in China. Recently, a recent approach on an experimental scale based on the diffusion of the so-called Three-Control Technology (TCT) successfully alleviated the overuse of nitrogen fertilizer in southern China villages in the Guangdong Province, serving as a reference point for other rice-producing countries tackling similar challenges. Here, we assessed the correlation between rice yields and reduction in the use of nitrogen fertilizer following the introduction of TCT. Our study was based on the collection of primary data from 248 households randomly selected from four rice-growing areas of Guangdong Province, China. Our results show that TCT significantly improved the efficiency in the use of nitrogen. Crucially, participating farmers, including both full adopters and partial adopters, were found to fundamentally change their application practices of nitrogen fertilizer, resulting in major improvements in the local soil and water systems.     

水解酸化—膜生物反应器处理城市综合污水

分析了水解酸化—膜生物反应器(MBR)工艺处理城市综合污水的应用可行性.结果表明,利用水解酸化-MBR工艺处理污水处理厂综合污水,除TP外,出水COD、NH4+-N、TN等指标符合《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)一级A标准,对出水再采用强化除磷措施(如投加化学除磷药剂等),可完全满足现阶段城市污水处理需要.