中国房地产价格波动与货币政策:一个实证研究

本文采用家庭还款额的支付性指数HAI来测算中国房地产价格的合理性,并发现中国房地产市场自1998年以来就存在严重的泡沫,在此基础上,通过建立结构向量自回归模型研究房地产价格波动在给定货币政策准则下对产出缺口和价格稳定的冲击,得出近年来房地产价格波动对价格稳定冲击比较大、对产出冲击比较小的结论。     

中国房地产价格波动与货币政策：一个实证研究

本文采用家庭还款额的支付性指数HAI来测算中国房地产价格的合理性,发现中国房地产市场自1998年以来就存在严重的泡沫;通过对央行货币政策操作目标与房地产价格波动做回归分析,得出央行货币政策对房地产价格波动作出显著响应;建立结构向量自回归模型研究房地产价格波动在给定货币政策准则下对产出缺口和价格稳定的）中击,得出近年来房地产价格波动对价格稳定冲击比较大,对产出冲击比较小的结论;最后提出货币当局应针对房地产价格波动制定最优货币政策准则。     

中国城市居民住房支付能力研究

虽然住宅价格是由住宅市场的供给和需求决定的,但从长期来看,住宅价格应该与城市居民家庭的住房支付能力相适应.评价住房支付能力的指标有房价收入比(PIR)和住房可支付性指数(HAI),房价收入比用于判读住房价格是否合理,而住房可支付性指数能够反映家庭购买住房的还贷能力.论文通过计算2004年我国34个主要城市的房价收入比和住房可支付性指数,对我国城市居民的住房支付能力进行了城市排序.参照国外相关指标的评价标准,论文采用Pareto累计图的评价方法,得出了我国当前房价收入比和住房可支付性指数的分布区间.论文的研究成果既可作为政府调控城市住宅市场发展的依据,也可作为居民投资置业的依据.     

Economic burden of healthcare-associated infection in US acute care hospitals: societal perspective

Abstract

Background:

Assessing the costs of healthcare-associated infection (HAI) is challenging. Methodological issues abound. Previous estimates have been derived in diverse ways from varied perspectives in different settings with dissimilar data. Results can be confusing. Full societal costs, which are more inclusive than commonly reported direct hospital costs, have never been fully measured or reported.

Objective:

To update, combine, and expand previous cost estimates to determine the annual societal burden of illness (direct medical, non-medical, and indirect costs) arising from HAIs in US acute-care hospitals.

Methods:

The research approach encompassed literature and internet searches; reference identification, selection, and review; then data abstraction, compilation, and analyses to estimate full societal costs. Previously published systemic reviews, surveillance reports, and individual clinical studies, along with newly computed component costs, all contributed to final estimates.

Results:

HAIs in US acute-care hospitals lead to direct and indirect costs totaling $96–$147 billion annually. These results are subject to the same limitations as previous studies from which contributing data were derived.

Conclusion:

The enormous clinical and economic burden of infection places HAIs high on the list of devastating and costly illnesses, such as cancer, heart attack, stroke, and diabetes, thereby mandating further research and greater efforts to contain a pressing healthcare problem.     

南京市购房热分析——基于南京市近期购房者的调查

住房负担能力指数HAI(Housing Affordability lndex)是直接反映现实房价与可负担能力之间的差距.本文利用住房负担能力指数分析南京购房热的背后一些原因,并由此得出一定的结论.