Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

SUPPLY CHAIN INFORMATION SHARING IN A VENDOR MANAGED INVENTORY PARTNERSHIP

Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) involves the vendor making the replenishment decision for products supplied to a customer based on various inventory and supply chain policies. Information sharing between supply chain members is required in VMI. Sometimes VMI decisions are delayed and/or the information shared is inaccurate. This research examines the effects of information delay and accuracy, and the sharing of sales and forecast information in a VMI environment facing stationary and nonstationary demand. The simulation experiments show the impact of information delay, information inaccuracy, and information sharing on a variety of performance measures, including inventory levels and fill rates.     

LOGISTICS SALIENCE IN A CHANGING ENVIRONMENT

The primary purpose of this paper was to empirically explore some of the reasons that logistics has become more important, or salient, in comparison to other functions within the firm. A survey of 296 managers across multiple industries in the U.S. found logistics becomes more important within the firm when the industry increases in uncertainty, when there is an emphasis on time‐based competition, when there is greater adoption of information technology, and when there is an emphasis on cross‐functional integration.     

The Relation between Market Values,Earnings Forecasts,and Reported Earnings*

Recently, much of the research into the relation between market values and accounting numbers has used, or at least made reference to, the residual income model (RIM). Two basic types of empirical research have developed. The “historical” type explores the relation between market values and reported accounting numbers, often using the linear dynamics in Ohlson 1995 and Feltham and Ohlson 1995 and 1996. The “forecast” type explores the relation between market value and the present value of the book value of equity, a truncated sequence of residual income forecasts, and an estimate of the terminal value at the truncation date. The analysis in this paper integrates these two approaches. We expand the Feltham and Ohlson 1996 model by including one‐ and two‐period‐ahead residual income forecasts to infer “other” information regarding future revenues from past investments and future growth opportunities. This approach results in a model in which the difference between market value and book value of equity is a function of current residual income, one‐ and two‐period‐ahead residual income, current capital investment, and start‐of‐period operating assets. The existence of both persistence in revenues from current and prior investments and growth in future positive net present value investment opportunities leads us to hypothesize a negative coefficient on the one‐period‐ahead residual income forecast and a positive coefficient on the two‐period‐ahead residual income forecast. Our empirical results strongly support our hypotheses with respect to the forecast coefficients.     

THE EFFECT OF INVESTMENT IN INTERORGANIZATIONAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN A RETAIL SUPPLY CHAIN

The primary purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of investment in information technology in a supply chain. The results of that investigation are presented by focusing on an empirically tested supply chain relationship model containing both behavioral and operational constructs. The four behavioral constructs represented in the model are relationship trust, relationship commitment, relationship dependence, and long‐term relationship orientation. The four operational constructs represented in the model are retailer investment in interorganizational information technology, perceived supplier investment in interorganizational information technology, logistics efficiency, and logistics effectiveness. Among other findings, the results of the investigation found that perceived supplier investment in interorganizational information technology has a significant and positive effect on logistics efficiency.     

The moderating influence of style of information processing on media perceptions and information exposure

This study investigated the extent to which style of information processing relates to media perceptions and information exposure. The results showed that visually oriented individuals were more favourably predisposed to the television medium and reported greater exposure to this medium than verbally oriented individuals. Verbally oriented individuals reported greater exposure to print media information than did visually oriented individuals. An exploratory interaction hypothesis between information processing style and gender was not supported. The implications of these results and future research directions are discussed.     

已公开个人信息处理规则的构造及适用——以合法处理事由为中心

立法规定在合理范围内处理已公开个人信息豁免同意,“已公开”作为豁免同意规则的合法处理事由,但是个人（信息主体）明确拒绝的除外,以及“对个人权益有重大影响的”还需取得个人同意,以此为基点形成了耦合式、层次化但遵循了平衡逻辑的规则体系。一方面,规则体系表达了调和个人信息自决和适当必要保护、个人利益与公共利益、同一保护和差异保护、保护成本与流通收益的期许;另一方面,由于规范构成要件因素具有不确定性,规则体系内部以及与外部关系尚处于“混沌”状态。要解决此问题,须以“合法处理事由”为切入点,在明确规则体系内部关系及各要件意蕴的基础上厘清“已公开”“在合理范围内处理”“个人明确拒绝”“对个人权益有重大影响”与相关规范构成要件因素之间的关系,进而调适处理规则体系,使之协调统一。     

更高水平开放需适配高端涉外法治研究和运用人才

为了获得更高水平开放,需要对标高水准国际经贸规则,更高水平开放的重要途径是适应新质生产力的制度型开放。更高水平开放需适配高端涉外法治研究和运用人才,国际法治人才是适配涉外法治的高端人才。高端涉外法治研究和运用靠高端涉外法治人才来实现。我国高端涉外法治研究和运用已经取得一定成就,但也存在不足,主要体现在：　学术研究供给与政府运用需求的供求关系有所失衡;学术研究水平与实务运用能力存在一定脱节;学术研究投入与实战效果产出似乎不成比例。可以从以下几个方面提升我国高端涉外法治研究和运用人才能力的培养：　定向扶持为政府涉外决策服务的高端涉外法治运用型智库人才;重点扶持为政府提供涉外法律服务的高端涉外法律工作者队伍;设计培养学以致用的涉外法治运用高端人才的课程体系。     

内部审计面临的新问题及出路

当前，我国建立社会主义市场经济体制，实行现代企业制度。在这种条件下，怎样摆正内部审计的位置和充分发挥内部审计的作用，则是需要解决的一个理论问题和实践问题。本文就目前我国内部审计的现状及完善措施提出一些看法。