浅谈企业机械设备全过程管理

随着我国改革开放的步伐不断加快,各类企业的机械设备结构及应用日趋复杂,这对企业机械设备管理提出更高的要求。如何加强机械设备管理,充分发挥设备效能,已成为当前企业管理者所面临的重要课题。文章从各种设备管理理论出发,对企业机械设备全过程管理进行了简要阐述,并提出了相应的管理措施。     

发电设备寿命周期费用影响因素的敏感性分析

阐述了发电设备全寿命周期费用（Life Cycle Cost,LCC）的基本理论及计算方法,针对发电设备LCC的影响因素之间存在的客观联系,假定因素之间相互独立,对其中某2个因素的变动幅度进行了一定的修正,使之更贴近实际。以某2×600MW火电机组为例,选取若干影响因素,求得其全寿命周期费用净现值。对目标净现值进行单因素和多因素敏感性分析,以寻找目标值与影响因素之间所存在的内在联系,为设备投资以及后期优化管理提供决策依据。     

基于LCC理论的输电线路绝缘子选型研究

对于如何将全寿命周期成本（1ifecyclecost,LCC）管理应用于输电线路绝缘子选型的方案评价,目前的研究尚不多。结合各种类型绝缘子的运行性能及特点,以LCC理论为基础,对输电线路绝缘子全寿命周期内的各种成本进行分解计入,提出了输电线路绝缘子的全寿命周期成本模型,并对该成本模型进行LCC分析和LCC评价,建立起针对绝缘子选型的一整套LCC评价体系。然后结合某220kV输电线路绝缘子选型的实例,研究了LCC评价体系在输电线路绝缘子选型决策中的应用。通过对3种方案的比较分析,得出了输电线路绝缘子选型的技术经济综合最优方案。     

An Exploratory analysis of flight delay propagation in China

Delay propagation is the flight departure delay caused by the arrival delay of pre-segment flight. Chinese airline market has suffered very poor on-time performance (OTP) in recent years. It is, however, unclear whether delay propagation prevails as one major source for such problem. This study first aims to empirically quantify delay propagation in the Chinese airline market. Specifically, we shed light on heterogenous levels of delay propagations across different airports and airlines. Then, the distinct delay propagation patterns in China are also discussed and compared with other developed airline markets (e.g., the US and Europe). Our estimation is based on OTP data for over 12 million Chinese flights covering the 2015–2017 period. Specifically, it is found that 10 min arrival delay of pre-segment flight within 1 hr before the departure lead to an average of 7.49 mins delay propagation for subsequent departure flight. Arrival delay of earlier pre-segments (1–2 and 2–3 hr before the departure) leads to much less delay propagation, due to longer ground buffer. Chinese airlines arrange longer ground and flight buffer than that of the US airlines to prevent the delay propagation from accumulating along the subsequent flights in a day. Thus, unlike the US market, delay propagation is not the major reason for poor OTP in China. In addition, delay propagation is less prevailing at the Chinese hub airport. This is because China has relied on point-to-point network, which does not require sophisticated schedule coordination. And the local passengers at these Chinese hub airports have higher time value such that the Chinese airlines also try to improve OTP at these hub airports to better serve these lucrative but time-sensitive local passengers. Unlike the European LCCs, Spring Airlines, the largest low-cost carrier (LCC) in China, outperforms major full-service carriers (FSCs) in controlling delay propagation. This finding may also apply to other Northeast Asian LCCs sharing common operational characteristics as Spring Airlines. Last, we find that airlines purposely tolerate moderate departure delays of up to 15 min, which is the threshold that defines delays, no matter whether the pre-segment flight arrives late or on-time. The relevant policy and managerial implications are also discussed.     

Fare impacts of Southwest Airlines: A comparison of nonstop and connecting flights

This paper examines the effects of Southwest Airlines' entry on its rivals' pricing, with a focus on comparing nonstop and connecting flights. The results produce two important findings. First, Southwest's nonstop entry depressed its rivals' nonstop airfares and connecting airfares. Second, Southwest's connecting entry depressed its rivals' connecting airfares, but did not depress their nonstop airfares. Considering nonstop and connecting services as differentiated products which differ in quality, the findings suggest that firms have quite different fare strategies upon the entry of different quality products.     

鱼雷使用保障费用工程模型

鱼雷使用保障费用在鱼雷寿命周期费用中所占比例很大,直接决定鱼雷的经济性。因此,如何尽可能准确地估算鱼雷的使用保障费用是一个相当重要的问题。根据鱼雷工程的特点,建立了鱼雷使用保障费用分解结构,并在此基础上建立了鱼雷使用保障费用工程模型;结果表明,此模型具有实用价值。     

基于LCC理论的建筑物维修成本控制

本文介绍了LCC理论并对建筑物的全寿命周期成本进行了分析,然后利用全寿命周期成本的相关知识和现值法构建了已有建筑物在使用维修阶段使用维修成本控制的模型。     

Stated-preference analysis to estimate the domestic transport demand following the future entry of LCCs and the inauguration of the Linear Chuo Shinkansen in Japan

Using a stated-preference survey, we examine changes in air transport demand by the entry of low cost carriers into domestic service, and with the beginning of operation of the Linear Chuo Shinkansen. In order to construct a choice model, we estimate the Nested-Logit model parameters by the two kinds of travel purposes in order to consider the differences in the price-sensitivity between business and non-business travelers. Simulation results for the each targeted OD vary in the shares of each transportation mode, depending upon the travel times, the aviation network, travel purpose. Non-business travelers who are more price-sensitive are less likely to choose the Linear Chuo Shinkansen with higher fares. On the route between the metropolitan area and Kinki area, total aviation demand will increase by the entry of LCCs to/from Tokyo-Haneda airport even when the Linear Chuo Shinkansen begins operating, showing that the development of the Linear Chuo Shinkansen service will not prevent strong growth in aviation demand for the trunk domestic routes.     

基于价值工程的住宅全生命周期费用优化

文章引入价值工程的基本原理,从工程项目全生命周期费用的最小化出发,选择价值工程作为住宅经济性评价的基本原理。通过对住宅项目的功能分析和成本分析,来确定住宅全生命周期的价值评价模型。为消费者衡量住宅的效用和对生产者度量其开发成本提供参考依据。     

The impact of low cost carriers on Korean Island tourism

Given the mixed findings of extant research on the impact of low-cost carriers (hereafter LCC) on aviation markets (with some studies showing stimulation of new demand, other studies showing LCCs encroaching on the turf of full-service carriers), the emergence of LCCs in Korea raised an interesting question as to whether or not they actually contribute to overall growth in domestic air traffic. The literature has paid limited attention to this issue so far. Employing a multivariate regression analysis with monthly data from 2000 to 2009, the impact of LCCs on tourism demand to a popular destination in Korea, Jeju Island, is examined, focusing on two specific questions: Have LCCs generated new tourism demand and brought more tourism revenue into the island’s economy? Have LCCs mitigated tourism seasonality on the island? Controlling for the effects of a number of factors, results showed that LCCs have generated new demand in addition to existing tourist flows to the island. Korean LCCs accounted for 35% of total passengers in 2009, which indicates an average growth rate of 161.7% over the last 4 years, compared to a −0.3% growth rate for all full-service carriers in Korea. However, LCCs seem to have had little impact on reducing seasonal fluctuations in passenger traffic to Jeju Island. The findings of this study will be of interest to researchers, policy makers, and a variety of stakeholders in the tourism industry interested in the relationship between no-frills airlines and island economies.