Asset price volatility and banks

This paper examines the operation of Diamond–Dybvig banks when depositors have access to the asset market. Previous studies have shown that banks are redundant in this environment since it is impossible to prevent the strategic withdrawals. This paper shows that the strategic withdrawals can be prevented if the market risk, due to asset price volatility, is considered. Banks provide deterministic returns to the depositors since the aggregate withdrawals are predictable, and therefore, banks can choose the portfolio such that no asset liquidation is involved. However, an individual consumer with stochastic liquidity need is vulnerable to the price volatility if he holds the asset directly. Therefore, banks improve the consumers’ welfare by providing the insurance against not only the liquidity shock but also the market risk. Banks are not redundant.     

次贷危机期间我国流动性管理操作评析——基于流动性测度

本文运用相对指标法设计真实货币缺口系数来测度我国在次贷危机期间的流动性状况,并对流动性供给状况进行了区间划分。在此基础上,本文归纳了人民银行流动性管理的操作实践,并对其实践效果进行评析,指出引进计量模型用于流动性测度的必要性,认为人民银行的流动性管理操作基本满足我国流动性管理需求,流动性管理工具的作用效果存在差异,其中法定存款准备金率对于调整货币供给量的作用不明显,再贴现政策的恰当使用强化了政策的综合效应。     

基于搜寻的有限参与、事件风险与流动性溢价

本文在一个简单的投资决策框架内对投资者面对国有股全流通这一事件风险时的最优决策问题进行建模 ,得到一个基于流动性的资本资产定价模型。结论表明 ,相对于不存在事件风险的情形而言 ,国有股的存在使得更多投资者不愿进入市场 ,导致市场流动性进一步下降。同时 ,这一事件风险使得选择进入市场的投资者要求更高的流动性溢价。由此 ,这一模型为最近几年来中国股市持续低迷的状况提供了一种理论解释     

Multimarket trading and liquidity: a transaction data analysis of Canada–US interlistings

We use transaction data for Toronto Stock Exchange (TSE) listed stocks to examine the impact on trading costs of the decision to interlist on a US exchange. We measure trading costs using both ‘posted’ bid-ask spreads and ‘effective’ bid-ask spreads that measure actual transaction prices relative to standing bid-ask quotes. After controlling for price level, trade size and trading volume effects, we find that overall posted and effective spreads in the domestic (TSE) market decrease subsequent to the interlisting. However, the decrease in trading costs is concentrated in those TSE stocks that experience a significant shift of total trading volume (TSE and US) to the US exchange after listing. We interpret this result in the context of theories of multimarket trading as a competitive response by TSE market makers to the additional presence of US market makers.     

Aggregate liquidity shortages, idiosyncratic liquidity smoothing and banking regulation

This paper develops a model of banking fragility driven by aggregate liquidity shortages. Inefficiencies arise from a failure of the interbank market to smooth the available liquidity in such a shortage. We find that a standard lender of last resort policy is ineffective in restoring efficiency as it leads to offsetting changes in the banks’ supply of liquidity. In contrast, subsidizing the purchase of assets from troubled banks increases welfare by improving the banks’ liquidity holdings. The first best, however, is achieved by redistributing existing liquidity from healthy to troubled banks in a crisis.