Estimating yield curves of the U.S. Treasury securities: An interpolation approach

Following the approach of interpolation, this paper proposes the multiple exponential decay model to fit yield curves for both the U.S. TIPS market and the conventional Treasury security market. Several estimation methods, including the unconstrained/constrained nonlinear minimization, quadratic programming, and the iterative linear least squares, are applied to estimate the unknown parameters according to different curve‐fitting purposes. Comparisons between the proposed model and the alternatives show that the multiple exponential decay successfully (1) adapts to a variety of shapes associated with yield curves, (2) (partially) keeps in line with the economic interpretations of Nelson–Siegel summarized by Diebold and Li ( 2006 ), and (3) dominates the competing models in curve‐fitting performance measured by mean fitted‐price errors over the sample period. In addition, the exact specification of a nonparametric interpolation model is pinned down by applying three statistical tools, which enable us to jointly take into account validity, optimality, and parsimoniousness of the proposed model.     

用弦线模量法计算地基沉降和黄土湿陷变形

用弦线模量法^[1]设计黄土地基，从计算地基沉降和湿陷变形出发，概念清楚，方法简单，用地基的物理指标得出弦线模量，可省去做压缩实验。     

企业竞争策略中的成本效益分析方法

企业每一项经营决策都应该进行成本效益分析，市场竞争中可以根据本企业的成本曲线和需求曲线，预测出竞争策略实施后对内部成本和外部需求可能产生的影响，从而计算出某项决策的经济效果。     

Static and dynamic efficiency of pollution control strategies

A great deal of the economic literature on pollution control strategies concentrates on the efficiency of environmental policy instruments. Most analytical studies in this field show that market instruments are more efficient with respect to the cost of pollution abatement of a given number of polluters than non-market instruments. According to several analytical studies, market instruments should also be more efficient with respect to innovation in pollution abatement equipment than non-market instruments. In the empirical literature a great number of case studies exist with estimations of the savings of abatement costs of market instruments in a situation without technological progress. Empirical studies about the impact of environmental policy market instruments on the abatement costs in situations with technological progress are lacking.The purpose of this paper is to fill this gap. The paper deals with an empirical estimation of abatement costs for the emission of SO₂ of coal-fired electricity units in the Netherlands from 1985 to 2000. First, the working of market instruments and non-market instruments (the existing environmental policy of the Dutch government) is simulated in a static situation. Second, we analyse the learning effects of flue gas desulphurization. The efficiency advantage of market instruments turns out to be larger in a situation of technological progress than in a static situation.     

基于成熟度模型的化工物流业(CL-CMM)研究

借鉴软件能力成熟度模型（CMM）,构建了化工物流业成熟度模型（CL-CMM）。将物流企业成熟度分为初始期、成长期、成熟期、成熟巩固期、成熟创新期;从分析各个等级的关键过程,为化工物流业发展提供决策依据。并用成熟度曲线表示了化工物流业发展所经历的过程。     

经济制度与经济手段的经济理论分析

公有制和私有制的划分不是绝对的,而经济手段中的计划与市场之分也是如此。任何一个公有制或私有制的国家都在追求最优的公有化与私有化组合,而在经济手段上则追求最优的计划与市场化组合。通过引入政府等“产量”线和等成本线的分析,从理论上证明了最优的公有化与私有化组合、计划与市场化组合的存在。     

新凯恩斯框架下最优货币政策规则理论及在我国的实证研究

本文详细介绍了新凯恩斯经济学下IS曲线和Phillips曲线的理论渊源和两种主要货币政策规则的思想,并针对我国的经济数据进行实证检验。研究发现:我国的经济运行符合新凯恩斯经济下的前瞻性IS曲线和Phillips曲线,在此基础上模拟最优利率规则结果较理想。     

对传统供需理论的反思

西方经济学中的传统供需理论已无法解释高档奢侈品"越贵越畅销"的消费现象.新综合供需曲线分为两部分,在"价格引发点"以下的部分遵循传统供需曲线的运动机理,而在"价格引发点"以上的部分则遵循新的运行规律,即价格越高.需求越强劲,而供给则减少.价格升高反而需求强劲是因为一般效用之外的额外效用在发挥消费的主导作用;价格升高时供给反而减少是由于进入壁垒的增高和已进入企业的主动限产.这一理论可以有效解释高档市场"反常"的消费现象.     

信息不对称、信息披露与股票价格波动——兼论管理会计信息披露的市场效应

当前对市场有效性的研究只重视会计盈余或某一类市场效应,而缺乏从信息披露制度的整体角度研究披露效果。我们从信息披露的幅度、频率和结构角度对其提高公司透明度的贡献进行了验证,结果表明:上市公司信息披露的幅度越大、频率越快,越有助于降低市场关于公司的信息不对称水平;管理会计信息披露是投资者迫切需要的,在统计上显示出其能显著降低公司的信息不对称水平。     

从人力资本投资看我国的城乡收入差距

本文从人力资本投资的角度探讨影响城乡收入差距的因素,通过1990年和2000年的省际截面数据分析,得出的基本结论是:基础教育的普及程度比较高,在城乡之间的普及没有太大的差距,因此不是形成城乡收入差距的原因;而高等教育的人力资本投资的增加在1990年会降低城乡收入差距;2000年二者的关系为"U"型关系,即开始阶段规模的扩大会降低城乡收入差距,随着高等教育规模的不合理和无序扩大,反而会引起城乡收入差距的扩大。