集成动员理论下军民科技协同创新机制设计研究

军民科技协同创新能力是国家科技整体竞争力的重要组成部分。近年来,军民科技协同创新取得显著成效,但也存在诸多问题,严重阻碍了军民科技协同创新深入发展。因此,迫切需要对军民科技协同创新机制进行系统性设计。基于集成动员理论的核心思想,借鉴其组织模式和运行机制理论,针对军民科技协同创新机制不明晰等问题,对军民科技协同创新机制进行系统性设计,提出在军民科技协同创新管理机构的引导下,将军民科技协同创新的各种资源要素和功能集成于军民科技协同创新服务平台,为军民科技协同创新流程和成果转化流程两大板块提供相关服务,并构建相关运行保障机制,进而实现军民科技协同创新集成化、敏捷化、模块化、高效化管理,进一步完善军民科技协同创新管理体系。     

Network mobilizers and target firms: The case of saving the Baltic Sea

This paper examines why and how firms participate in issue networks that aim at solving contemporary complex problems. We build mainly on network and stakeholder literatures to understand mobilization from a relational perspective. Drawing on a single embedded case study of four initiatives to save the Baltic Sea, we build a multilevel model for firm participation in issue networks. Besides discovering diverse motivational factors, the model sheds light on the interaction between individual, organization, and network levels factors explaining mobilization. We argue that there is high theoretical, managerial, and societal relevance for studying the dynamics of issue networks—a topic which could be better incorporated in the research agenda of business network scholars.     

Value-based network mobilization: A case study of modern environmental networkers

This article addresses current environmental issues by taking a network perspective to examine the initiatives to solve them. Previous investigations of network dynamics and mobilization concern the business context, but we broaden the analysis to the societal networks wherein business is embedded. Our aim is to investigate the early emergence of collective action around a common issue. We analyze the network mobilizers, who promote the issue and its solutions, and the mobilization mechanisms that they employ. We have conducted a case study that examines three initiatives to save the Baltic Sea, all involving business, governmental, and civil society actors. This rich case material leads us to formulate a conceptual model of value-based network mobilization. The mobilizing actors, values, and relationship sediments emerge as important factors in creating issue networks. Our key contribution is to show how the environmental issues bring new types of actors to networks and change the rules of the game. We propose that ‘modern environmental networkers’ should become more important in the future, and that business firms need to develop their skills in playing the new games with these new actors.     

Militant and moderate trade union orientations: what are the effects on workplace trade unionism,union-management relations and employee gains?

This paper presents survey findings exploring the claim that trade union militancy will deliver more advantages for unions than moderation (Kelly, 1996). Responses from representatives in two unions reveal militancy is associated with stronger union workplace activity and greater engagement with management in solving operational problems and long-term business strategies. However, there was no evidence that militancy significantly affects many terms and conditions. Moderate trade unionists in this sample were no more likely to hold a unitarist frame of reference. A further factor analysis of the militancy-moderation scale revealed two separate dimensions of militancy - a 'bargaining' and a 'mobilizing' approach. Although finding some expected benefits linked with militancy, different benefits appear to be associated with a bargaining approach and a mobilizing approach. It is suggested the approach taken in collective bargaining may be at least as important as mobilizing union members in securing gains from a militant union strategy.     

The valuation of unpaid work at statistics Canada

In 1970, as in previous decades, the U.S. Bureau of the Census's household enumeration began with a lead question as to who was the 'head of household'. With the resurgence of feminism, this concept was challenged as an ambiguous concept which implied an authority structure imputed by the Bureau not measured, and offensive to many people. This paper tells the story of successful feminist mobilization in the 1970s that led to the removal of this concept from the U.S. decennial censuses beginning with 1980.     

Employer and employee obligations and rights under the Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act

As more Reserve and National Guard troops are called to leave the civilian workforce and enter military service, employers must understand the legal rights those service members possess and the employers’ legal obligations that are now required under the Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (USERRA). Current data and litigation trends suggest many employers are not fully aware of their legal obligations under USERRA and the punishing legal liability they may face. USERRA applies to virtually all employers, and the law uniquely provides for both corporate and individual liability for discriminating against employees or applicants because of military service. This article provides an overview of USERRA from the perspective of employers, employees, and potential employees. Practical advice is rendered herein not only for those covered by the Act, but also for employers regarding adherence to this law while avoiding liability under USERRA.     

乡村政策动员中的“权力——技术”及其影响

在基层治理现代化背景下,乡镇政权对村干部的政策动员,开始由激励机制、压力机制转向责任机制。乡镇政府面对财权与事权不匹配现实,渐次倚重对制度性资源的技术化调配,塑造乡村"责任共同体"关系,推进政策落地。乡村政策动员中体制性吸纳、组织化协调、技术性约束和伦理化调适等权力—技术支配机制,虽可借助组织内责任关联纽带提高政策动员与执行效率,但该"权力的技术支配网络"同时也容易带来乡村治理的悬浮化、去政治化与泛政治化等"行政消解治理"问题。由此,乡村政策动员应警惕过于强化制度的工具性价值,重新发掘其治理内涵与社会价值,实现乡村治理"治术"与"治道"的平衡。     

熟人社会、村庄动员与内源式发展——以陕西省袁家村为例

内源式发展强调发展过程由本地控制,发展选择由本地决定,发展收益保留在本地。乡村内源式发展离不开本地化的社会动员。然而,已有研究多聚焦于村庄内源式发展中的动力来源或动员机制,忽视了村庄内源式发展的具体场景,即嵌入乡村发展的熟人社会基础。本文采用单案例嵌入性分析方法,从陕西省袁家村的发展实际出发,探究熟人社会在村庄动员中的背景因素及其动员机制。研究发现,乡村熟人社会所蕴含的三大特征——熟人关系网、人情机制和面子观,具有增进信息对称、充当资源传输网络、鼓励先富带后富、维护村庄共识的作用,进而可助力资源动员、成员动员和观念动员,推动村庄内源式发展的实现。     

绿色产品协同创新中契约形式对供应商创新性的影响——供应商绿色创新资源优先配置的中介及产品复杂性与技术新颖性的调节

激发供应商创新性对供应链协同创新意义重大。从契约治理视角，探讨供应商参与绿色产品协同创新中契约形式对供应商创新性的影响。来自制造业231个样本的实证研究表明：①过程控制型契约与供应商创新性之间存在倒U型关系，目标激励型契约正向影响供应商创新性；②供应商绿色创新资源优先配置在两种契约形式和供应商创新性间起中介作用；③上述中介作用分别被产品复杂性和技术新颖性调节，二者均正向调节目标激励型契约对供应商创新性的间接作用，技术新颖性负向调节过程控制型契约对供应商创新性的间接作用。     

战略性新兴产业军民技术融合研究

战略性新兴产业发展与国防科技工业领域产品研发制造密切相关,具有重要的军民融合发展前景。从技术层面推进战略性新兴产业融合,是统筹经济建设与国防建设,进行国防科技工业动员准备的有效举措。战略性新兴产业技术融合如何体现？怎样衡量？从哪些方面推进战略性新兴产业技术融合与发展？针对这些问题,从产业融合与技术融合的关系出发,探讨了战略性新兴产业技术融合的驱动因素及衡量指标体系。