Dynamic panel cointegration approaches to the estimation of money demand functions

This paper investigates properties of the money demand functions of Group of Six (G6) member countries (Canada, France, Italy, Japan, U.K., and U.S.) using the estimation and inference techniques of panel cointegration. Empirical analyses are conducted by estimating money demand equations of G6 countries individually and as a whole, allowing heterogeneity in individual specific fixed effects across countries through dynamic, nonstationary panel estimation techniques. By using recently developed panel cointegration techniques, the paper contributes to the literature of money demand studies by improving the power performance of the relevant estimation and inference procedures. It reports fully modified OLS (FMOLS) estimation results of the money demand model for different data frequencies, to find varying signs and magnitudes of real income, interest rates and inflation elasticities of money demand for G6 nations.     

Results on the bias and inconsistency of ordinary least squares for the linear probability model

This note formalizes bias and inconsistency results for ordinary least squares (OLS) on the linear probability model and provides sufficient conditions for unbiasedness and consistency to hold. The conditions suggest that a “trimming estimator” may reduce OLS bias.     

外国直接投资与我国技术创新研究

本文运用面板协整工具和动态最小二乘法(DOLS)来检验我国1990-2004年间FDI的技术溢出效应与我国技术创新的相关关系。实证研究的结果显示:FDI与我国技术创新存在着长期稳定的关系;如果跨越了一定的人力资本门槛,那么FDI从总体上对我国的技术创新产生了积极的影响,也可以说人力资本在FDI促进我国技术创新中起着关键的作用。     

基于稳态分布的资本资产定价模型上海股市实证分析

运用BS估计和OLS估计对资本资产定价模型在我国证券市场的应用进行了实证分析,分析结果显示,运用OLS方法对建立在资产收益为正态分布基础上的传统资本资产定价模型与运用BS方法对资产收益为α稳态分布的资本资产定价模型的贝塔系数估计值存在较大的差异,而BS估计方法明显比OLS估计方法更有效率。     

上海市住宅价格的影响因素分析

近年来房价高居不下已经引起社会的广泛关注,住宅市场价格的波动是多种因素共同作用的结果,但是各种因素的影响程度不同,本文应用软件STATA分析上海市住宅价格的影响因素,建立精简的OLS模型,得出影响房价的主要因素为GDP,利率和季度虚拟变量。     

FDI,openness and income

This is an empirical study of the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on income. It presents cross-country evidence that inward FDI is positively correlated with income. In addition, an instrument for FDI is constructed to address the issue of endogeneity. The results show that instrumental-variables (IV) estimates of the impact of FDI on income are positive and greater than OLS estimates, similar to the findings on trade in Frankel and Romer (). The evidence in this paper suggests that inward FDI contributes to higher income, and favours the argument of Irwin and Terviö () that trade openness is subject to measurement error – in particular, trade is an imperfect proxy for many income-enhancing interactions between countries.     

Can NN-algorithms and macroeconomic data improve OLS industry returns forecasts?∗

Using an extensive range of macroeconomic indicators and a number of two-stage models mixing OLS and a non-parametric approach known as the nearest neighbour algorithm, the authors analyse the potential for improving forecasts of US industry returns over those built by OLS on industry-specific variables only. Basic performance is measured by the average cross-sectional correlation over time between the 55 forecasted returns and the realized returns across industries. Since investors and asset managers typically want a steady performance over time, the volatility of this cross-sectional correlation is further taken into account in an adaptation of the Sharpe Ratio. Strong evidence is found in favour of certain macroeconomic factors as dominant industry return predictors, and some two-stage models based either purely on OLS or a mix between OLS and the non-linear model can lift both cross-sectional forecasting correlation and Sharpe Ratio. However, viewed overall in relation to the benchmark OLS model, performance is not consistently improved by any particular model.     

中国社会福利体系适度性研究——国际比较与实证分析

社会福利体系是影响经济可持续发展和社会安定的重要因素。政府在社会福利体系中起主导作用,但存在福利支出的适度性问题,福利过度或不足均不利于经济社会发展。本文对中国与OECD的社会福利体系做了比较,并选取美国等OECD七国和中国1980-2007年的数据作为样本开展实证分析。研究发现:(1)结合发达国家的经验,现阶段我国的社会福利总支出、养老保险支出和健康福利支出偏低;(2)但收入维持支出(即最低生活保障支出)却超前于经济发展水平和政府财力;(3)失业福利支出是否适度,不同分析方法得出了不同结论,有待进一步分析。     

金融发展对中国经济增长的实证分析

本文通过对股票市场、银行储蓄、外商直接投资建立线性模型以分析这三者对中国经济发展的影响,根据OLS回归分析得出外商直接投资、银行储蓄、股票市场对中国经济都存在着明显的相关性,但其作用依次减弱,最后给出了相应的对策。     

Incentives and teacher effort

Few would contest that teachers are a very important determinant of how much students learn in school, and how to improve teacher performance has been the focus of lively policy debate in both rich and poor countries. This paper examines how teacher incentives, both pecuniary and non‐pecuniary, correlate with teacher effort. Using school survey data from Lao PDR, we estimate measures of teacher effort, including the number of hours that teachers spend preparing for classes and teacher provision of private tutoring outside of class hours, which are not the typical measures used in previous research. Estimation results fit well under the standard labour supply framework and indicate that greater teacher effort is associated with non‐pecuniary incentives such as more teacher autonomy over teaching materials and monitoring as measured by the existence of an active parent – teacher association and the ability of school principals to dismiss teachers. Methodologically, this paper provides a detailed derivation of a simultaneous OLS‐probit model with school random effects that can jointly estimate teacher work hours and tutoring provision.