The sweet smell of advertising: the essence of matching scents with other ad cues

New technologies enable practitioners to communicate scents in advertisements on various media. The current research examines the importance of matching scent cues to the advertised product, and the joint effect of scent and other cues such as colour on consumer responses to advertising. A 4 × 2 experimental design was conducted, where participants (N = 603) were presented with scented colour print advertisements. Three hierarchical responses were measured: emotional response, attitude, and purchase intention. Findings reveal that higher congruence between scent and the advertised product heightens positive consumer response. Furthermore, this research stresses the significant joint effect of scent and colour cues, and supports the incongruence approach, suggesting that combining scents that are poorly congruent with other sensory cues enhance consumer response. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.     

Understanding the Influences of Atmospheric Cues on the Emotional Responses and Behaviours of Museum Visitors

ABSTRACT

The ability of an atmosphere to affect consumer emotions and behaviour is known to be particularly relevant for service organisations. This study examined the role of atmospherics in a service domain via a survey of the responses to relevant stimuli among a sample of visitors to ten UK museums. A model indicating the relationships between museum atmospherics and visitor conduct was developed and tested. Visitors' internal reactions to various atmospheric factors were explored and the consequences of these responses for an individual's approach-avoidance behaviour were evaluated.     

Mediating the Effects of Natural Disasters on Travel Intention

SUMMARY

Emotional correlates of affective reactions towards a natural disaster and their influence on future travel intention to seaside destinations were explored using the PAD (Pleasure-Arousal-Dominance) Emotion Model. The results from a structural equation modeling process support the proposition that a natural disaster influences significantly the affective responses to the emotional states of pleasure, arousal and dominance. The PAD affect changes in return impact to varying degrees the intentions of a traveler to visit a seaside destination. The pleasure domain is found to exert the strongest impact on intention. Practical implications for tourism recovery are elaborated.     

分组装拆器(PAD)的应用实例

X.25协议在很多行业都有非常广泛的应用,为了让大量不支持X.25协议的字符终端连接到X.25分组网络,就要在字符终端和X.25分组网络之间加上分组装拆器(PAD)。PAD包括3个协议:X.28,X.29和X.3。介绍了3个协议的内容、功能和它们之间的关系,列举了基于卫星通讯系统的网络监控系统应用PAD的1个实例。     

Adapting to a retail environment: Modeling consumer-environment interactions

This paper extends current thinking on the relationship between consumers and the retail environment by assessing a theory of consumer-environment interaction that reinterprets arousal and dominance, two dimensions of the PAD model (Mehrabian, Albert, Russel, James A., An approach to environmental psychology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1974.), as appraisal dimensions (affective expectations). According to the new account, the more specific the task, the less tolerant consumers are about discrepancies between expected and experienced arousal and dominance. The study evaluated the effects of matching or mismatching appraisals on judgments of emotional dimensions as participants shopped within a virtual store environment. Appraisals were manipulated by combining two goal conditions (goal specificity vs. goal ambiguity) with two levels of store arousal (high vs. low) to produce four separate hypothetical states: hedonic fit (ambiguous goal and high arousal), utilitarian fit (specific goal and low arousal), rational control (ambiguous goal and low arousal), and emotional submissiveness (specific goal and high arousal). When perceptual and cognitive appraisals matched (i.e., hedonic or utilitarian fit), participants judged pleasure to be significantly greater than when expectations mismatched (i.e., rational control or emotional submissiveness). Affective expectations concerning arousal and dominance thus are a strong determinant of consumer predisposition toward the environment.     

适用于大检修的特高压变电站智能巡检系统软件设计及应用

本文结合国家电网公司大检修对特高压变电站巡检及运维的要求,进行了特高压变电站智能巡检系统功能设计和软件设计,定义了系统的框架结构,对实现痕迹化管理的智能巡检业务的实施过程进行了分析,对系统软硬件选型及数据库建模设计进行了说明。     

Branded app atmospherics: Examining the effect of pleasure–arousal–dominance in brand relationship building

Given the incredible ability to interact with consumers, branded apps have become a new important brand relationship building platform for marketers. However, despite the remarkable growth of app users, many brands are still struggling to attract continuous usage among user. Past research emphasized on the functional perspective of branded apps usage, yet emotional factors have received less attention. Therefore, to address the research gap, present research draws from the conceptual lens of pleasure-arousal-dominance (PAD) model from environmental psychology to examine the emotional factors of branded apps. The objective of this research is to investigate the drivers of branded app atmospherics in brand relationships. We recruited 408 users by an online survey. Results identify atmospherics cues that influence the experiential emotions of pleasure, arousal and dominance, which generates usage intention. This research contributes knowledge by extending PAD model to branded app context and provide an important ground where practitioners can design atmospherics cues that create emotional experience in branded app to foster brand relationship.     

The determination on taxable income of land and building sectors in the implementation of autonomy and increasing income in North Sumatra,Medan, Indonesia

Regional autonomy, as the implementation of Law no. 32 of 2004 and Law no. 33 of 2004, provides an opportunity for the Regional Government to autonomously complete its economic development based on the potential of economic resources in its territory. This article focuses on the value of tax object sales (NJOP) using primary data to analyze stakeholder perceptions and secondary data for path equation analysis. The results showed simultaneously variables of economic growth and population density significantly affect the NJOP at 95% confidence level. Partially, the variable of economic growth and population density significantly influence to NJOP at 95% confidence level.     

App users’ emotional reactions and festival satisfaction: the mediating role of situational involvement

In the context of festivals, the proportion of mobile app users appears to be continuously rising. However, academia has not systematically researched festival-related apps. The few existing studies have primarily adopted the technology acceptance model to investigate the factors that influence the willingness of festival participants to use apps. By adopting situational involvement-related theories, the current study aims to explore the relationship between emotional reactions, the situational involvement of users of official festival apps, and users’ overall satisfaction with the festival, thus bridging the gap between the use of official apps and users’ experience satisfaction with the festival.