政府清廉度与电子政务的关系探讨

政府清廉度历来是世界各国政府和公民关注的问题,作为新公共管理运动与现代通信技术相结合产生的电子政务,为改善政府的清廉度提供了新思路和新手段。然而世界范围内的电子政务运动是否有效提高了各国政府的清廉度,还缺乏相应的实证研究结果支持。本文运用了来自国际透明和联合国的相关数据,对126个国家和地区四年的数据进行了实证研究,发现无论是反映电子政务静态发展特征的电子政务就绪指数,还是反映电子政务动态发展的电子参与度,都没有对政府清廉度产生统计显著影响。说明目前世界电子政务的整体水平仍然处于起步阶段,在这一时期必要条件是在电信基础方面的大量和持续性投入,在此基础上,更重要的工作是系统化的制度改革与跟进。     

The retailing environment in Ireland and its effect on the chilled ready meal market

Food retailing in the island of Ireland has experienced a number of changes with the relatively recent arrival of the UK multiples. This preliminary study examined retailing developments in Ireland focusing on the chilled ready meal sector and on an identification of the factors that influence chilled food choice. Interviews, supermarket analysis, consumer focus groups and questionnaires revealed that the chilled ready meal market was experiencing a period of growth assisted by the arrival of the UK multiples, but there was great potential to further expand the market. Convenience was cited as the primary reason for purchase of chilled ready meals but taste continued to play an important role in chilled food choice. Retailers must respond by informing and educating consumers about their product offerings. In addition, they must listen to the unique needs and wants of consumers on this island to assist in the development and provision of a range of chilled ready meals suitable for the Irish market‐place.     

Trade signing in fast markets

This study assesses the accuracy of trade signing algorithms in fast trading environments using NASDAQ and NYSE trade and quote data. Using data that contain true trade signs, we show that the Lee and Ready algorithm outperforms the tick rule and classifies trades at least as well as in earlier studies from slower trading environments, even in subsamples where the market is particularly fast. We conclude that trade signing remains viable in fast markets, and that the use of quote data continues to increase trade classification accuracy.