A note on the existence of unique equivalent martingale measures in a Markovian setting

Simple sufficient conditions for the existence of a unique equivalent martingale measure are provided. Furthermore, these conditions give us a handle on situations where an equivalent martingale measure cannot exist. The existence of a unique equivalent martingale measure is of relevance to problems in mathematical finance. Two examples of models for which the question of existence was unresolved are studied. By means of our results existence of a unique equivalent measure up to an explosion time is proved.     

The Bell Curve in Psychological Research and Practice: Myth or Reality?

The expression “the bell curve” designs both a kind of statistical distribution and the title of a famous and controversial book by Herrnstein and Murray. The first is so attractive that the second refers to it to give more credibility to its questionable theories on intelligence. The point is that, during the 20th century, the bell curve has assumed a more and more important role in psychological research and practice and have become both a reality and a myth. In the first case (reality) we can assist to appropriate applications of a real useful statistical concept. In the second (myth) we can have two kinds of attitudes: one attitude is typical of those researchers who search for normality in all their data and variables, just as Parsifal used to search for the Holy Graal (we call this “the Parsifal attitude”); the other is typical of those researchers who give normality for granted and act as if it were a Platonic Idea (we call this “the Plato attitude”). The article discusses the role of the normal distribution in psychological research and practice and shows how it can be dangerous to treat the bell curve as a God or an Idol.     

倾销幅度测算中的偏颇之处

倾销幅度测算是裁定倾销以及实施反倾销措施的依据和基础。然而,具体操作过程中存在的偏颇之处,使得调查结果总是倾向发现“倾销幅度”,从而裁定倾销存在。本文以倾销幅度测算过程中的不合理之处为分析对象,举例说明了在很多情况下,原本不存在的倾销行为,是如何在现行的规定下被测算出了“倾销幅度”。     

浅析资本弱化与外资避税

随着现代资本结构理论的发展,国内外企业都在学习如何在实务中对其加以灵活应用,使企业价值最大化.资本弱化就是这样一种应用,其目的在于企业通过资本结构安排,改变其纳税义务,起到避税的作用.目前,来自发达国家的外资企业在这一避税手法的使用上已达到了十分成熟的阶段,再加上我国现行税制框架尚未对资本弱化进行识别、规范和控制,造成了我国大量的税收利益流失.另外,在我国已逐渐认识到问题的紧迫性的情况下,如何进行监管和控制也是一个很大的技术难题.     

如何界定反倾销调查中的"生产成本"概念

“生产成本”是反倾销调查中的核心问题。该文通过国际反倾销法“生产成本”概念的界定，分析了反倾销调查中企业“生产成本”的差异，提出了按照国际惯例进行调整的方法，以及为反倾销调查取证提供的承诺。     

The Relevance of Stock and Flow-Based Reporting Information In Assessing the Likelihood of Emergence from Corporate Financial Distress

A number of recent studies have shown that earnings information is less useful and value relevant when firms are financially troubled. This finding has given rise to the consideration of alternatives. In this paper, we examine the contributions of book value-based proxies (normal earnings and abandonment value) and flow-based proxies (earnings and operating accruals) to the assessment of the likelihood of emergence from financial distress. Our prior reasoning is that while book value-based proxies may provide information about potential future cash resources, flow-based proxies, because they capture the progress of reorganization efforts underway, as opposed to mere potential, should be relatively more useful in assessing the likelihood of emergence from distress. Our findings are consistent with this explanation. We document that the primary predictors of emergence are flow-based proxies—in particular, cash from operations, net of earnings.     

新常态下的创新驱动——对创新服务体系的认识

党 的十八届五中全会报告指出，坚持创新发展，必须把创新摆在国家发展全局的核心位置，不 断推进理论创新、制度创新、科技创新、文化创新等各方面创新。我国经济发展进入了新常 态阶段，认识新常态、适应新常态、引领新常态，是当前和今后一个时期我国经济发展的大 逻辑。改革开放30年来，我国的创新能力有了大幅度提高，但是仍存在影响创新能力发展的 诸多障碍，尤其是创新服务体系还严重缺失。我国在加快科技与经济融合的进程中，需要重 视创新服务体系建设，把发展基点放在创新上，形成促进创新的体制架构。在大众创业、万 众创新的大形势下，打造创新创业集成服务商，支持创新平台、孵化载体建设，促进专业创 新服务机构的发展。     

Robust influence diagnostics for generalized linear models with continuous responses

This article introduces two parametric robust diagnostic methods for detecting influential observations in the setting of generalized linear models with continuous responses. The legitimacy of the two proposed methods requires no knowledge of the true underlying distributions so long as their second moments exist. The performance of the two proposed influence diagnostic tools is investigated through limited simulation studies and the analyses of an illustration.     

探究数字化时代对师范生信息素养的要求

本文从数字化时代发展的角度出发,指出数字化学习不仅是数字时代学习的重要方式,更是课程整合的核心,同时提高教师的信息素养是数字化学习的关键。随着信息社会的发展和中小学信息技术课的开展,对师范生的信息素养提出了更高的要求。目前师范生就业形式,信息素养状况怎样,存在哪些问题,怎样去解决这些问题提高自身的竞争力?这都是我们师范院校的学生所思考的问题。针对上述问题,本文提出了自己的观点和看法。     

Towards a ‘new normal’ growth strategy: China in comparative perspective

China’s move towards a new normal has been motivated by domestic factors and accelerated by the decline in export opportunities to developed countries. This decline, combined with the knock-on effects of China’s growth adjustments, is disrupting the favourable external environment that made developing countries’ export-led development strategies viable. This paper concentrates on a rebalancing of developing countries’ growth strategies towards a greater weight of household consumption as a potential alternative and discusses three challenges – market size, domestic purchasing power and balance-of-payments constraints. Concentrating on the latter, it analyses changes in sectoral compositions of consumer demand and patterns of international trade. Results point to the risk that a shift in growth strategy causes an import surge. The paper’s findings indicate the scope and speed of required product innovation that would prevent a rebalancing of growth strategies towards a greater role of consumption from running into balance-of-payments constraints.