Ownership discrimination and private firms financing in China

This study examines the financing/funding of private firms in China. Our results show that private firms are significantly less funded through formal financing channels such as bank loans than state-owned firms, and hence have to resort to alternative financing such as trade credit. Consistent with the theoretical expectation and literature, there is a substitution effect between trade credit and bank loans for private firms, but this effect is much weaker compared to that of state-owned firms. Moreover, while the univariate comparisons indicate that private firms obtain more notes payable than state-owned firms, the multivariate regression analyses show that the relation between bank loan and notes payable is positive and indifferent between private and state-owned firms.     

Business communities in the European confectionery sector: A U.K.-Finland comparison

This paper is based on the early stages of an international collaborative project investigating the structural changes of the confectionery sectors in Finland and the U.K. over the past two decades. An institutional perspective is used to extend conventional understandings of industries via the development of the sector concept. The network and community constructs are shown to be important devices for understanding the institutional character of a sector. Accordingly, the paper reveals the similarities and differences between the two national examples. An explanation is offered of the way domestic networks persist in both countries while contrasting community profiles are apparent.     

对第三部门经济核算若干理论问题的再思考

在以前相关研究成果的基础上对第三部门的理论含义、分类的原则和方法以及第三部门经济核算的基本内容、方法和功能等进行了进一步的研究和思考,同时,对第三部门经济核算与第三产业核算之间的关系进行分析,并提出第三部门经济核算是有别于第三产业核算的一种新型经济核算、是对国民经济核算范围的一种拓展的观点。     

The future of the chef occupation and the food and beverage sector after the COVID-19 outbreak: Opinions of Turkish chefs

The aim of the present study is to reveal the opinions of the chefs who working as a manager in the kitchen department within the food and beverage sector about what changes might have occurred in their occupation and food and beverage sector after the COVID-19 outbreak. The data were collected through online interview forms and content analysis was used as a data analysis method. The findings reveal three main categories: general opinions after the COVID-19 outbreak, changes that could occur in the food and beverage sector after COVID-19 outbreak, and thoughts for the future of the chef occupation after the COVID-19 outbreak. Since this paper is the first to reveal the opinions of the chefs about what changes might have occurred in their occupation and food and beverage sector after the COVID-19 outbreak, and no similar study could be found in the existing literature, these findings are original.     

International Public Sector Accounting Standards （IPSAS） Implementation in the European Union （EU） Member States

The aim of this paper is to analyze the implementation level of International Public Sector Accounting Standards （IPSAS） in the member states of the European Union （EU）. After an introduction of the legislative framework in the EU and a review of the literature about the implementation of IPSAS in the EU member states, this paper classifies, on the basis of a survey, the states according to their formal implementation levels of IPSAS. It also analyzes the types of accounting （cash basis accounting, modified cash basis accotmting, accrual accounting, and modified accrual basis accounting） used by the states studied. The survey shows that there are important disparities among the member states, both for the application of IPSAS and for the type of accounting that is used. Furthermore, it appears that even if IPSAS is not legally adopted in most European member states, there is a tendency to use modern accounting systems based on accrual accounting close to IPSAS.     

中国服务业技术效率区域差异的实证分析

本文借助随机前沿生产函数模型,使用面板数据,分析了我国服务业技术效率的区域差异及其对劳均服务业增加值区域不均衡的影响。研究表明,东、中、西部服务业技术效率存在显著差异,这加剧了我国服务业区域发展失衡现象。我国各省以及东中西三大地区的服务业技术效率之所以不均衡,关键原因在于其市场化进程不一致。最后,文章据此提出了缩短地区服务业发展差距的政策措施。     

我国企业协会的覆盖率及其相关制度的再设计

企业协会要行使行业代表、行业管理职能必须具有高的行业覆盖率。由于形成的途经的不同和产业链的细分，我国许多行业中普遍存在着“一业多会”现象，导致了企业协会的覆盖率降低、内耗严重，协会的应有功能无法充分发挥。研究表明：走出“一业多会”困境的出路在于强制入会制度的实施、政府背景的隐退和业务主管部门的取消，以及政府行业管理职能的择优转移和“第三部门”的形成。     

THE CHARITY COMMISSION – POLITICISED AND POLITICISING

Charities have always had to show that they provide a ‘public benefit’, the meaning of which has been developed by case law. The Charity Commission, a body created by the last government, has provided guidance on the meaning of ‘public benefit’ which is at odds with the meaning developed in case law – and therefore in conflict with the statute under which the guidance was ostensibly provided. The Charity Commission has also allowed charities to engage in political campaigning, an activity which the House of Lords has held no charity can lawfully pursue without losing its charitable status. The Charity Commission and its guidance should be scrapped. Professionally qualified and independent Charity Commissioners should be appointed.     

PSC指标在VFM评价中的应用研究

英国是PFI/PPP模式的发起者和主要推广者。采用了PSC指标为基准的评价方法来获得最佳的VFM。本文研究表明:PSC指标的应用随着PPP项目在全球的开展并不具有广泛意义,分别受到来自实践和理论的质疑。这对建立我国的VFM评价体系有一定启示作用。