旅行社的旅游线路优化设置问题探讨

尽管在旅游线路的设计过程中需要解决的问题很多,但从优化的角度而言,如何设计出一条能实现出发地与目的地间的最短路径目标,便是其中的最为关键性的一个问题。由于不同的交通方式的不同组合能对应着不同的路程、时间与成本问题,因而,如何通过有效的选择来形成最佳的旅游线路也就有了相当的必要性。此外,在旅游线路设计与安排过程中,旅行社除了要合理安排和规划旅游线路的长度以力求不走回头路、不走冤枉路和形成有效的闭合回路外,还需充分考虑到其中的线路在时间安排上的合理问题;否则,再好的线路安排也会失去其内在的价值与影响力。     

发展特许连锁经营,促进城乡居民就业

本依据我国近年来特许连锁经营发展的形势，阐述了特许连锁经营在民间投资和就业发展上的特有功效，提出了利用特许连锁经营促进我国城乡就业的观点，并指出了需要进一步完善的政策和措施。     

Component efficient solutions in line-graph games with applications

Recently, applications of cooperative game theory to economic allocation problems have gained popularity. We investigate a class of cooperative games that generalizes some economic applications with a similar structure. These are the so-called line-graph games being cooperative TU-games in which the players are linearly ordered. Examples of situations that can be modeled like this are sequencing situations and water distribution problems. We define four properties with respect to deleting edges that each selects a unique component efficient solution on the class of line-graph games. We interpret these solutions and properties in terms of dividend distributions, and apply them to economic situations. This research has been done while the third author was visiting Tinbergen Institute at the Free University, Amsterdam. The research is part of the Research Programme “Strategic and Cooperative Decision Making” at the Department of Econometrics. Financial support from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) in the framework of the Russian-Dutch programme for scientific cooperation, is gratefully acknowledged. The third author also appreciates partial financial support from the Russian Leading Scientific Schools Fund (grant 80.2003.6) and Russian Humanitarian Scientific Fund (grant 02-02-00189a). We thank three anonymous referees for their valuable comments.     

铁路专用线噪声调查与预测特点分析

铁路专用线与国铁相比具有线路长度较短、技术标准较低、运输密度较小等特点。在分析铁路专用线噪声特点的基础上,提出铁路专用线应选取等效声级为噪声评价量,在采用模式预测法进行铁路专用线噪声预测时,应关注各主要修正参数,为科学、客观评价专用线噪声提供依据,同时以某铁路专用线为例进行噪声分析。     

Meanings of leisure for older people: an Australian study of line dancing

In Australia and in many parts of the world, older people participate in line dancing. Our phenomenological study explored whether attending a regular line dancing class might offer a group of older people opportunities for active and successful ageing. Our research investigated the meanings and practices fostered in a community line dancing class in Melbourne. We gathered data via an interview with the teacher of the group, observation of a class and two focus group interviews with 25 members. Data were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis that is reported thematically under headings of: Belief in the efficacy of line dancing, Physical and emotional benefits, YouTube clips as instructional reinforcement and promotion, and Socialising. The findings show that participation in the class offered older student’s opportunities for dance and music engagement, active and successful ageing, health and well-being, social connection and purposeful leisure. The teacher of the class modelled serious and successful leisure and advocates for dance as holistic training for older people. We position our participants on a continuum of leisure engagement that ranges from the casual to the serious. Further research is required to support arguments for the efficacy of dance as a leisure pursuit for older adults.     

世界动漫产业链模式对中国式动漫产业链构建的启发

中国的动漫产业在各级政府的大力推动之下呈现出遍地开花的繁荣景象,但是,动漫产业的发展并不容乐观,其沿用的产业链模式仍然沿袭着国外通常的产业链模式,这从根本上制约了中国动漫产业的长足发展。所以,探讨符合中国国情的产业链,培植中国式的产业链模式,就显得尤为迫切。而且,在由"中国制造"到"中国创造"的角色转变过程当中,中国式动漫产业链模式的构建研究无疑具有世界性的意义,极有可能标志着于美日韩之外的第四种产业模式的崛起。     

C波段高功率微带铁氧体收一发双工器的研究

本文主要叙述了C波段微带铁氧体双工器的特点,分析了微带铁氧体环行器在高峰值功率作用下的损耗机理与设计方法。已研制的微带双工器,成功地应用于航天电子设备。     

川东北地区线路铁塔岩石嵌固式基础应用浅析

四川盆地东北部地区,地形按地貌单元划分:主要为丘陵、低山～低中山。区内地层主要有第四系耕地层、残坡积粉质粘土层、冲洪积层(Q)、侏罗系(J)、白垩系(K)、三叠系(T)等砂岩～泥岩、灰岩,而以砂岩～泥岩、灰岩为主。线路铁塔岩石嵌固式基础在该区域内的大量应用,有不错的经济、环境、社会效益,同时,也是资源节约型、环境友好型—两型三新输电线路在工程实践中的具体应用。     

促进组织变革的人力资源管理策略研究

为了适应复杂多变的经济环境,企业通常要进行一系列的组织变革,这就需要具备相应的人力资源管理策略。针对不同的变革类型,本文提出了不同的人力资源管理策略。战略变革应该采取均衡人力资源的评估和创建与战略目标一致的企业文化的两种策略;在结构变革中应该注重整合组织机构和指引变革方向;在人员变革中应该采取选聘优秀人才、合理配置人才以及设计、干预并整合裁员过程等策略;在文化变革中应该注重培育适合变革的氛围、利用激励、晋升等方式传播新文化以及塑造共同的变革愿景等。本文强调了在组织变革中直线部门的重要作用,指出了企业的组织变革不仅仅是人力资源管理部门的职能,相关直线部门也有着不可推卸的责任,它们应该积极配合人力资源部门,最大限度地鼓励引导本部门员工参与组织变革,促进企业良性发展的管理建议。     

Aligning employees through “line of sight”

Aligning employees with the firm's larger strategic goals is critical if organizations hope to manage their human capital effectively and ultimately attain strategic success. An important component of attaining and sustaining this alignment is for employees to have a “line of sight” (LOS) with their organization's strategic objectives. In this article, we illustrate how the translation of calculated firm goals into tangible results requires that employees not only understand the organization's strategy, but also accurately appreciate what actions are aligned with realizing that strategy. Using recent empirical evidence, theoretical insights, and tangible examples of exemplary firm practices, we provide thought-leaders with a comprehensive view of LOS by showing how it can be created, how it can be enhanced or stifled, and how it can be effectively managed. Further, we integrate LOS with current thinking on employee alignment to help managers more effectively benefit from understanding human capital potential.