A step beside the maximin path: Can we sustain the economy by following Hartwick's investment rule?

If sustainability is interpreted as the requirement to sustain consumption or utility at an optimal level, a maximin objective appears to be relevant. The sustained economy is characterized by an optimal investment following Hartwick's investment rule. This paper examines how the sustainability of a production-consumption economy with a non-renewable resource is modified in the neighborhood of the maximin path, i.e. when the consumption and the resource price are not optimal. A Sustainable Consumption Indicator is introduced in order to characterize the sustainability of constant consumption paths, defined as deviations from the maximin path. We describe how an over-consumption jeopardizes future sustainability.     

如何正确安装Protel 99 SE附加程序

随着计算机软件在工程设计领域的应用越来越广,广大电子设计人员普遍运用澳大利亚ProtelTech鄄nology公司推出的Protel系列电路设计软件来进行产品分析和设计开发等工作。本文详细介绍了最新推出的Protel99SE电路设计软件的一些附加程序的正确安装,以帮助工程设计人员快速掌握该软件的使用和开发技术,同时也使该软件的功能得到充分发挥。     

Bankruptcy prediction for small- and medium-sized companies using severely imbalanced datasets

Bankruptcy prediction is still important topic receiving notable attention. Information about an imminent bankruptcy threat is a crucial aspect of the decision-making process of managers, financial institutions, and government agencies. In this paper, we utilize a newly acquired dataset comprising financial parameters derived from the annual reports of small- and medium-sized companies. The data, which reveal the true ratio between bankrupt and non-bankrupt companies, are severely imbalanced and only contain a small fraction of bankrupt companies. Our solution to overcome this challenging scenario of imbalanced learning was to adopt three one-class classification methods: a least-squares approach to anomaly detection, an isolation forest, and one-class support vector machines for comparison with conventional support vector machines. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the financial attributes and identify those that are most relevant to bankruptcy prediction. The highest prediction performance in terms of the geometric mean score is 91%. The results are validated on two datasets from the manufacturing and construction industries.     

浅谈Protel 99 SE教学经验

Protel 99 SE是一个乘电路原理圈设计、印制电路板设计、信号分析、电路仿真等功能为一体的电路EDA软件，由于其强大的功能，深受电子类各专业设计人员和广大电子爱好者的青睐，同时也是职业学校的必修课程，本文就这一软件在教学中出现的问题展开论述。     

毛泽东《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》的经典意义与现实意义

毛泽东《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》的经典意义在于阐发了丰富的文艺理论,内容包括革命文艺与社会政治革命的关系;文艺的人性与阶级性,文艺与广大人民大众的关系;文艺作品与社会生活的关系;文学艺术家的立场、态度与世界观;文艺作品的创作方法和创作过程;文艺的内容与形式、风格与流派;文艺的普及与提高;文艺的民族形式及发展创新;文艺批评及其政治与艺术标准等。毛泽东文艺思想的许多基本论点对当代文艺工作仍有指导意义;应对这些论点加以改进和完善以建构起新时代的文艺理论。     

On multivariate higher order von Mises expansions

In this paper we review the von Mises calculations of higher order for statistical functionals of one variable. For the functionals of several variables, the higher order Gateaux differentials are defined leading to the corresponding multivariate higher order von Mises expansions. These expansions are used to analyze the bias of the corresponding statistical functionals. The second and third order derivatives are computed for M-estimates. Applications of these expansions to study the bias of M-estimates of location and to simultaneous M-estimates of location and scale are also given. Received: July 2000     

The 99 price ending as a signal of a low-price appeal

There is evidence that the rightmost digits, or endings, of retail prices can communicate meanings to consumers. To better understand how such meanings are formed, this paper addresses the question of how the 99 price ending can have a low-price meaning even though 99-ending prices tend to be higher rather than lower competitive prices. Analysis of two large samples of newspaper price advertising indicates that there is a strong and robust correlation between the use of the 99 price ending and the presence of a low-price appeal such as a claimed discount. It is suggested that the salience of price advertising leads it to dominate other sources of information in the consumer's learning of price-ending meanings.     

Monopoly versus Competition in Setting Accounting Standards

Financial accounting standards are set by organizations granted a significant degree of monopoly power by various governments. While there has been considerable debate on the merits of national (e.g., US Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB)) versus international (International Accounting Standards Board (IASB)) monopolies, little attention has been paid to the merits of using competing standard‐setting organizations (SSOs) for setting accounting standards. We compare the standard‐setting processes of the FASB/IASB to the processes of four technology‐oriented SSOs to assess the role of competition. We also provide a case study of monopoly and competitive standards in telephony. Both telephony and accounting yield some gains from coordination, and similar arguments are used (under the labels of comparability and consistency of accounting) in debates about granting a monopoly to their respective SSOs. Our results show that a group of volunteers competing with the government‐sanctioned monopoly of International Telecommunications Union transformed the telephone industry. Thanks to this standards competition, we enjoy free video internet calling and massive cost savings. Implications for accounting standard setting are discussed.     

邓小平“南方谈话”的历史意义

邓小平的南方谈话在中国社会主义发展史、现代化建设史、中共党史、中华人民共和国史、改革开放史上占有重要的历史地位,具有重大的历史意义。南方谈话改变了把计划经济、公有制视为社会主义本质的传统社会主义理论,对社会主义理论进行了重大创新,基本形成了中国特色社会主义理论。南方谈话是邓小平长期领导中国社会主义现代化建设的经验总结,为中共＂十四大＂的召开奠定了理论基础,成为建设中国特色社会主义现代化的理论纲领。南方谈话开启了中国改革开放的新时代,推动了第二波改革开放高潮的出现。南方谈话也是具有重大历史意义的一次思想解放,解开了市场经济姓＂社＂姓＂资＂的死扣,是中国建设社会主义市场经济的里程碑。南方谈话不仅殷殷期盼中华民族的伟大复兴,而且大大加速中华民族复兴的历史步伐。     

Modelling distribution of aggregate expenditure on tourism

The aim of this article is to obtain a statistical distribution that describes the aggregate expenditure of tourists related to their length of stay at a given location. This distribution enables us to estimate two parameters simultaneously; one controls the length of stay and the other, the expense incurred. We propose two distribution models, for which closed-form expressions are obtained. Covariates are introduced in order to study the factors that affect the aggregate expenditure. The results obtained indicate that the models achieve a reasonably good fit, with and without covariates.