河北省贫困地区经济发展现状及可持续发展对策

解决温饱只是摆脱了绝对贫困，相对于其他发达地区来说还是属于贫困地区。因此，河北省的贫困地区要进一步坚定“科教兴国”之路，坚持开发脱贫，以市场经济为依托，转变经济观念，实现全民族的共同富裕。     

Ernest Dichter and motivation research: new perspectives on the making of post-war consumer culture

Advertising as a proportion of national income rose from the late 1940s and peaked in the mid-to-late 1950s. This growth however exhibited inflection points in 1949 and 1951 which coincided with political economy shifts. During this period of growth all sectors producing consumer goods increased expenditure on advertising; expenditure on advertising by the tobacco, and the clothing and footwear sectors rose the most relative to consumer spending on these product categories. From the mid-1950s, advertising of household goods, a category which included electrical durables and furniture, rose at the fastest rate.     

邓小平社会主义科学富裕观:丰富内涵、理论价值与现实意义

邓小平社会主义科学富裕观揭示了"实现什么样的富裕"是马克思主义中国化的立场、观点和方向问题,"怎样富裕"是马克思主义中国化的道路问题。邓小平社会主义科学富裕观彰显了富裕与共同富裕的辩证关系,揭示了培育和践行社会主义核心价值观的内在规律,规划了民族复兴的现实途径。面对现实中存在的问题,应深刻领会邓小平社会主义科学富裕观,高度重视以公有制为主体的基本经济制度与培育和践行社会主义核心价值观、实现中华民族伟大复兴的关系。邓小平社会主义科学富裕观其实质是中国特色社会主义科学富裕观,习近平提出实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦,进一步丰富和发展了中国特色社会主义科学富裕观。     

论邓小平农民致富增收思想及其当代启示

邓小平对中国"三农"问题进行了战略性的思考,特别是他把农民致富增收作为其思考中国农业、农村、农民问题的基本出发点,同时他也把它作为制定农村政策、实现农业现代化的根本前提.在实践中邓小平形成了丰富的有预见性的农民致富增收思想,为当代解决"三农"问题、建设社会主义新农村提供了丰富的经验借鉴.     

Financial characteristics of Australian initial public offerings from 1994 to 1999

A variety of financial characteristics of Australian initial public offerings (IPOs) for the period 1994–1999 are explored. A number of previous Australian studies have investigated the initial day underpricing and longer term underperformance of IPOs and this study updates those papers. This paper partitions the IPO data into no liability/limited liability; share option/no share option; underwriter option/no underwriter option and dividend reinvestment/no dividend reinvestment characteristics to better understand the types of IPOs that list on the Australian Stock Exchange. The data supports the findings of previous studies in that IPOs are underpriced at the time of listing and underperform the market in the first year following their listing.     

农民富裕的源泉——农民人力资本投资决策分析

文章依据现代人力资本理论，分析了农民收入增长的制约因素，讨论了人力资本与农民收入增长的逻辑关系。认为农村人力资本存量严重稀缺，农村难以形成内生增长能力，造成农民收入增长缓慢。解决农民收入增长问题的关键是要加强农民人力资本投资。因为人力资本是给个人和社会带来富足的源泉，人力资本投入是农民收入增长的重要因素，因此加强人力资本投资是解决农民收入增长问题的必然选择。     

A reconsideration of what and who is middle class in South Africa

In this paper, we revisit ‘what and who’ is middle class in South Africa using data collected in the 2008 National Income Dynamics Study. First, we consider how to identify the middle class based on two broad definitions adopted in the international economics literature: a middle class defined by the middle share of the national income distribution; and a middle class defined by an absolute level of affluence and lifestyle. We explore alternative ways of capturing the ‘middle income strata’ and we suggest an approach for identifying threshold levels of income associated with middle-class affluence. Second, we show that the size and the composition of the middle class in South Africa are both very sensitive to how the middle class is defined. In particular, we demonstrate that there is very little overlap between the two broad definitions, a finding which reflects very high levels of poverty and inequality in the country.     

Explaining tourists´ attitudes to environmental support: a multilevel approach

This article contributes to a better understanding of tourists’ attitudes to environmental support when they make their holiday plans. Modelling these decisions is a challenge because although environmental concerns are heterogeneous across countries, they also depend on the individual characteristics of the tourists from each country. This article uses a multilevel approach, using a two-level structure, in which individuals are nested into countries. This approach may be helpful for understanding the contextual and compositional effects simultaneously. The estimates from a two-level random intercept logistic model and the post-estimation analysis, based on non-parametric techniques, demonstrate that the effects of country vary randomly, and that there is significant variance in the level of tourists´ environmental support within and between countries. Regarding the contextual effect, the post-materialist hypothesis explained most of the heterogeneity between the EU-27 countries. The affluence hypothesis was rejected and the challenge response hypothesis was only partially supported. The results from the compositional effect support the attribution hypothesis, demonstrating that the environmental concern of tourists is higher when travelling domestically than abroad.     

A measurement of affluence and poverty interdependence across countries: Evidence from the application of tail copula

This paper examines affluence and poverty interdependence across 185 countries and its evolution over 1969–2014. To estimate affluence and poverty interdependence and derive tail interdependences the tail copulae are applied to multivariate density function. The tail coefficients are estimated in the non-parametric way as in Schmidt and Stadtmüller (2006). The estimates show, that poverty is less interdependent and continue to decrease, while affluence has asymptotically high global dependence, meaning a higher global dependence on and sensitivity to the well-being of the affluent countries. The received results derive the pattern of the extreme interdependence and can help to identify poverty and affluence spill-over across countries and regions and calculate the average sensitivity of a country to these phenomena on the global level and can potentially help in poverty reduction strategies within the Sustainable Development Goal by the United Nations.