资本约束下我国商业银行的风险偏好现状与对策研究

随着巴塞尔协议Ⅲ和中国银监会印发的《中国银行业实施新监管标准指导意见》的出台,确立了我国银行业实施新监管标准的政策框架。受此影响,当一部分银行资本充足率不迭标时,可以约束盲目信贷扩张,抑制经济过热的手段之一,调控商业银行整体风险水平;当大部分银行都达到了最低资本充足率要求时,资本约束效应将明显弱化,其他政策工具将是调控信贷的主要手段;而大部分银行为了降低风险。会选择“分母”对策,调整其资产组合。监管部门应我国银行业现状出发,以平滑信贷供给的过度波动为目标,逆风向调整资本充足率,以满足监管要求。     

自然垄断产业经营者的薪酬激励机制研究——基于不同风险偏好经营者的委托代理理论

企业所有权与经营控制权的分离带来了委托代理问题,对经营者薪酬进行激励是解决此问题的有效办法之一。基于委托代理理论,突出针对经营者的利益偏好差异,应制定不同的薪酬激励设计,对企业管理中影响薪酬的因素进行分析,在此基础上对我国自然垄断企业管理者薪酬机制的优化提出建议。     

2010年银行间债券市场机构投资者行为分析

2010年,在国民经济总体向好、流动性整体宽松的环境下,银行间债券市场保持快速发展态势,投资者数量和类型进一步丰富,各类机构普遍增持债券。受信贷调控及资本监管加强的影响,商业银行侧重于增加低风险债券的持有比例;非银行金融机构风险偏好则相对较高。全年机构的持有结构保持稳定。随着下半年市场资金面的趋紧,基金、证券公司等交易类机构表现更为活跃,年末市场利率明显上升,收益率曲线平坦化上移。     

Does lending behaviour of banks in emerging economies vary by ownership? Evidence from the Indian banking sector

While much has been discussed about the relationship between ownership and financial performance of banks in emerging markets, literature about cross-ownership differences in credit market behaviour of banks in emerging economies is sparse. Using a portfolio choice model and bank-level data from India for 9 years (1995–96 to 2003–04), we examine banks’ behaviour in the context of credit markets of an emerging market economy. Our results indicate that, in India, the data for the domestic banks fit well the aforementioned portfolio-choice model, especially for private banks, but the model cannot explain the behaviour of foreign banks. In general, allocation of assets between risk-free government securities and risky credit is affected by past allocation patterns, stock exchange listing (for private banks), risk averseness of banks, regulations regarding treatment of NPA, and ability of banks to recover doubtful credit. It is also evident that banks deal with changing levels of systematic risk by altering the ratio of securitized to non-securitized credit.     

CEO特征、风险偏好与内部人交易

基于人口学特征视角和高层梯队理论,选用2013—2015年我国深市A股上市公司数据作为研究样本,实证检验CEO特征、风险偏好与内部人交易之间的关系。实证结果表明：CEO的年龄及财务背景特征是影响其风险偏好的重要因素,年长的CEO及具有财务背景的CEO更可能是风险规避者;CEO越偏好风险,内部人交易行为发生的可能性越大;风险偏好对CEO特征与内部人交易之间的关系存在中介效应。研究结果有助于公司从自身角度出发来规范内部人交易行为,即公司对CEO的聘任需要充分考虑不同年龄及教育背景特征对风险偏好的影响。     

Book Review

Organisational risk propensity directly affects the decision‐making behaviour of employees, with linked impacts on the ongoing prosperity of the organisation. The literature on an individual's risk behaviour is extensive. However, few studies investigate the risk propensity of an organisation. This study uses primary data from interviews within a major change programme in a FTSE100 pharmaceutical organisation to explore the characteristics of organisational risk propensity. The data are analysed using open coding procedures from Grounded Theory in order to fragment the category of ‘organisational risk propensity’ into some constituent properties and dimensions. An integrative framework is then inductively derived which provides insights into risk propensity within the case context; together with some cues for implementing changes to the organisation's risk propensity if so desired. The output from this research also provides a useful base from which to develop a survey instrument for assessing organisational risk propensity.     

Effect of caregiver feeding behaviours on child nutritional status in rural Ghana

A six‐month observational study involving 100 mothers with infants between the ages of 6 and 12 months was conducted in the Manya Krobo district of Ghana. The objective was to assess the role of caregiver feeding behaviours on child nutritional status using a modified positive deviance approach. Each child was in the study for 6 months, during which they were observed at home once a month. On each visit, data were collected on the child anthropometry, child meal frequency, diet diversity, responsiveness of caregiver during feeding, child’s appetite and feeding atmosphere as well as caregiver hygienic practices related to feeding. Using weight‐for‐age (WAZ) and length‐for‐age (LAZ) scores, the children were classified as positive or negative deviant children. The study revealed significant differences between the two groups of children in terms of caregiver feeding behaviours. Positive deviant children had significantly higher meal frequencies (3.1 ± 0.4 vs. 2.4 ± 0.6, P = 0.001), diet diversity scores (6.3 ± 0.6 vs. 3.7 ± 1.1, P = 0.001), were fed under better hygienic conditions (7.2 ± 0.9 vs. 4.2 ± 1.1, P = 0.001) and were much more interested in food during feeding (85.8% vs. 59.3%). Caregiver responsiveness during feeding was also significantly higher among the positive deviant group (6.5 ± 0.8 vs. 4.5 ± 0.9, P = 0.001). This study has demonstrated the tremendous effect of caregiver feeding behaviours on child nutritional outcomes and provides a scientific basis for introducing care during feeding as a component of intervention to improve child nutritional status in Ghana.     

公司治理与技术创新关系的实证研究--基于中国省级区域面板数据

采用中国省级面板数据在区域层面对公司治理水平与技术创新之间的关系进行实证研究的结果表明：在控制了地区资本存量、人力资本存量、经济外向性、外商投资、信贷规模以及技术产出效率的差异之后,省级股东治理指数与省级R＆D资本存量之间存在显著的负相关关系,而省级经理层治理指数与省级R＆D技术创新资本积累却有显著的正相关关系。此外,随着地区生产要素投入和生产总值的增加、对外开放程度和技术效率的提升,地区经理层治理的影响不断增强,技术创新促进的效果也更加明显。     

新能源成本不确定下能源最优开采研究

随着全球气候变暖和环境的恶化,低污染高效率的新能源成为各国能源政策的主要发展对象,因此新能源取代传统能源是大势所趋。针对未来新能源对传统能源的替代趋势,本文通过建立基于社会和企业总效益最大化的能源最优开采的动态模型,分析了新能源成本不确定性和社会风险偏好的差异对能源耗竭速度的影响,并提出了提高社会总收益的合理方案。分析表明：在替代品出现之前能源的开采量随着新能源替代品成本不确定性的增加而增加;而社会风险厌恶倾向于减少社会的最优开采,但是会增加竞争性企业的的开采量;对T时刻之前的能源开采征收额外的税收可以减缓能源耗竭速度,增加社会总收益。最后,本文提出了T时刻之前的能源开采征收额外的税收,或者是对T时刻之后的能源开采进行补贴来实现我国能源最优开采,提高能源利用效率的建议。