Discretionary technology bootlegging tensions in institutional healthcare work

We explore individuals who take some of their technology use ‘underground’, described as ‘bootlegging’, to enhance healthcare work. We find that healthcare professionals’ informal use of mobile applications in healthcare work sometimes ‘sticks out’ and this produces professional identity tensions: (1) conflict with perceptions of professional behaviour, and (2) defilement of expert judgment. Our analysis, moreover, reveals that identity work (i.e. ‘accepting’ and ‘sensemaking’) provides a coping mechanism to deal with these unresolved professional identity tensions. This paper contributes to a better understanding of the constitutive entanglements and two‐way interactions of discretionary technology bootlegging, professional identity and autonomy in institutional healthcare work.     

嘉兴农村社会阶层分化对基层民主政治建设的影响

改革开放以来，嘉兴农村社会阶层发生很大的变化，出现了许多新的阶层。这对促进农村政治民主化的发展、完善目前正在实施的村民自治制度具有重要的作用。但应当看到目前嘉兴农村基层民主建设尚存在一些问题，这些问题的存在与农村阶层分化不到位，以及群体性和组织性不强有着直接的关系。正确认识农村社会结构变化的规律，不断增强它的群体性和组织程度，对促进农村政治发展的民主化具有重要意义。     

论村民自治制度的完善与民主政治的发展

村民自治是我国农民的伟大政治创造,它有力地推动了中国基层民主政治发展和民主化进程。从《村民委员会组织法》的实施来看,村民自治制度还存在诸多需要迫切解决的问题。正确处理村党支部和村委会的关系,建立有效完善的冲突解决机制和监督保障机制,消除宗族势力、家族利益对村民自治的负面影响,解决好村民自治与乡镇政权的衔接等问题,将积极促进村民自治制度和民主政治的健康发展。     

论商法的私法本质

商法在本质上是私法,与民法一起构成完整的私法体承。笔者从公法、私法的区别入手,阐明商法的私法本质,并从商法的公法化趋势阐明,现代商法虽然具有了某些公法性质,但这并不改变商法的私法本质。     

加入WTO后我国民族自治地方发展边境贸易的政策及其机制探析

边境贸易长期以来一直是民族自治地方经济发展的主要推动力之一。然而,我国民族自治地方的边境贸易总量规模小、出口商品档次低、与有关周边国家的边境贸易不平衡、贸易政策不对等。民族自治地方边境贸易发展还存在一些深层次的制约因素。目前,我国边境贸易政策与WTO有关协议存在一些不一致的地方。今后,加快发展我国民族自治地方的边境贸易,应该从边境地区实际情况出发,按照WTO规则和鼓励我国民族自治地方经济发展的要求,调整和完善现行民族自治地方边境贸易的政策与管理,进一步提高边境贸易的档次,规范贸易行为,以促进边境贸易的健康发展。     

Marrying personality and job resources and their effect on engagement via critical psychological states

This study examined the process by which individuals become engaged with their jobs by integrating seminal engagement theory. More specifically, we suggest that an individual factor (i.e. autotelic personality) and two contextual factors (i.e. feedback environment, job autonomy) interact to predict work engagement through three critical psychological states – namely availability, meaningfulness, and safety. This moderated mediation framework was tested using a cross section of the US population (n = 284); data were collected at two points in time with 3 months in between. Availability and meaningfulness mediated the relationship between autotelic personality and work engagement. Autotelic personality’s indirect effect on work engagement through meaningfulness and safety was conditional such that the nature of feedback environment’s effect depended on job autonomy level. Theory and practice implications are discussed.     

社会主义与统一多民族国家的国家建设(1947-1965)

在民族区域自治制度的奠基过程中,通过社会主义宗旨所要求的贯彻群众路线、培养少数民族干部,成功促进了中央政府和各族人民群众的直接沟通;通过让各族人民群众翻身当家做主、改善民生福祉等社会主义性质的政治举措,形塑起各族人民群众对党和国家发自内心的认同;通过民族平等之制度前提、社会主义经济制度等制度性组织模式,以及相关具体实践途径,实现了中国各族人民大团结;在社会主义国家单一制、人民共和、中国共产党领导的制度基础之上,民族区域自治成功地将国家内部的不同民族凝聚成为具备有机整体结构的"中国人民",呈现为一种促进沟通、赢得认同、实现团结、巩固统一的统一多民族国家的国家建设过程。因此,民族区域自治成功实现清末以来统一多民族国家之国家建设质的飞跃的制度要义,恰在于社会主义这一国家根本制度。     

Subsidiary autonomy and performance in Japanese multinationals in Europe

Notwithstanding the growing body of research on headquarters–subsidiary relationships, the conditions under which subsidiary autonomy leads to enhanced subsidiary performance is still a subject of debate. This study adopts a contingency approach and investigates the effects of external uncertainties and intra-MNE coordination on the performance benefits of subsidiary autonomy. The empirical analysis is based upon cross-sectional data collected from 88 European subsidiaries of Japanese MNEs. Our findings show that subsidiary autonomy has a greater impact upon performance (a) under conditions of technological uncertainty; and (b) when expatriate involvement is high, as the subsidiary can reap the full benefits of entrepreneurial capabilities and enjoy resource interdependencies through interactions with the parent simultaneously. MNC executives should aim for an appropriate balance between subsidiary autonomy and these internal and external factors so that the subsidiaries achieve superior performance.     

Do economic institutions matter for trade liberalization? Evidence from China’s Open Door Policy

Trade liberalization can promote export by inducing better resource allocation and more advanced technologies. Although the literature emphasizes the mechanism of geographic proximity, this paper identifies an institutional effect. Using infant mortality rate as an instrument that is irrelevant to export and geographic effects, we confirm that the openness due to China’s Open Door Policy promotes firm exports. We further document that the positive relationship between openness and firm exports is mediated by property rights protection and corporate autonomy, either of which reflects institutional quality at the constraint on the government’s strategic behavior. In particular, our estimates are robust to different samples, different estimation methods, and endogeneity bias.