Asymmetric effects of housing wealth on college enrolment

We investigate the impact of housing wealth, credit availability and financial distress on college enrolment decisions. We find that housing wealth is negatively related to enrolment in public schools and positively related to enrolment in private schools. This evidence suggests that, on average, students substituted away from private schools towards public institutions during the recent financial crisis.     

Inflation,real economic growth and unemployment expectations: an empirical analysis based on the ECB survey of professional forecasters

Expectations are at the centre of modern macroeconomic theory and policymakers. In this article, we examine the predictive ability and the consistency properties of macroeconomic expectations using data of the European Central Bank (ECB) Survey of Professional Forecasters (SPF). In particular, we provide evidence on the properties of forecasts for three key macroeconomic variables: the inflation rate, the growth rate of real gross domestic product and the unemployment rate.     

中国零售业自营与联营问题的流通经济学分析

零售业自营与联营之争由来已久，在当前供给侧结构性改革、完善促进消费体制机制以及零售业寻求创新发展的背景下，有必要对这一问题展开进一步的理论探讨。文章结合马克思流通经济理论指出，自营和联营的本质区别在于是商业资本还是产业资本承担商品流通职能，自营和联营并不是非此即彼的互斥关系，但如果零售业完全倚重其中一种模式并在全社会推向极端，则需要反思商业资本和产业资本是否各得其所和高效分工。在中国流通体制变革中，虽然联营模式在特定历史时期帮助众多零售企业渡过生存危机并推进内资零售快速扩张，但发展至今，已呈现零售业普遍联营的情况，使零售业整体面临着制约创新发展的新问题。数字经济为零售业回归自营提供了有利契机，零售企业应充分利用新技术摆脱联营制的路径依赖，依托数字化开展深度自营并全面提升流通效率。     

对齐齐哈尔市奶牛产业可持续发展的思考与建议

齐齐哈尔是农业大市,有发展奶牛产业的极大优势,奶牛产业化工作成绩突出,但与发达国家和地区相比,还存在许多不足,因此,做大做强齐齐哈尔市的奶牛产业还有很多事情要做.     

浅谈企业房地产价值信息的背离与披露

房地产交易中企业财务报告反映的房地产账面价值与实际市场价值的背离程度大,造成了企业资产价值的“低估”。该文试图分析引起企业房地产账面价值与实际市场价值背离的原因,提出了财务报告使用者了解企业房地产实际价值的几种可操作方法。     

Do Fundamentals Explain the Behaviour of the Swedish Real Effective Exchange Rate?

This study examines the long‐run relationship between the real effective exchange rate and its fundamental determinants, and derives a real effective equilibrium exchange rate for the Swedish krona. Our results indicate that the krona was severely overvalued in late 1992, when the fixed exchange rate regime was abandoned. By the end of 2000 the krona was undervalued by approximately 5 percent, given the prevailing economic conditions. Arithmetic examples of suitable SEK/EUR conversion rates are calculated under various assumptions to provide a guideline if Sweden were to adopt the euro in the future.     

城市旧住宅小区管理模式研究

城市旧住宅小区管理模式有物业管理模式、社区管理模式和单位自管模式之分。旧小区管理模式改革和创新是建立政府行政管理与居民(业主)自治管理相结合、社区管理与物业管理相结合的混合型管理模式,其实现途径是加强政府对旧小区管理的领导和支持,充分发挥小区自治组织的作用,积极推行物业管理模式,更新思想观念,提高物业管理服务水平,建立物业管理与社区管理相结合的运作机制,加强法制建理服务设。     

基于Elman神经网络的商业银行信贷风险识别及评估模型

建立了基于Elman神经网络的商业银行信贷风险识别及评估模型，并通过实例验证了模型的准确性和可靠性。研究过程及结果表明，基于Elman神经网络的商业银行信贷风险识别及评估模型能够很好地反映信贷过程中的非线性因素，准确地预测出完整的信贷风险评估指标和信用等级之间的映射关系，能快速评估和有效减低商业的信贷风险。一组实例结果显示该评估模型的准确率接近90％。     

Political Measures for Strategic Environmental Policy with External Effects

This paper investigates an environmental policy designed to reduce the emission of pollutants under uncertainty, with the agent problem as an optimal stopping problem. We first analyze the two cases in which there are one agent and two competing agents by following Ohyama and Tsujimura (2005). When we consider a model of strategic agents, we need to analyze the external economic effect that is peculiar to an agent’s environmental policy implementation. Then, to improve and resolve these external effects, we examine three alternative political measures, comprising an environmental subsidy, an environmental tax and an emission trading system. The results of the analysis indicate that the environmental subsidy and environmental tax promote environmental policy. However, they do not create an incentive to be the leader. On the other hand, an emissions trading system not only promotes environmental policy but also creates an incentive for leadership.This paper was previously circulated under the title “Political Measures for Strategic Environmental Policy with Induced Effects”. The authors would like to thank Masaaki Kijima for helpful comments. The authors would also like to thank Alistair Munro and two anonymous referees providing detailed comments and suggestions. This research was partially supported by Daiwa Securities Group Inc. The second-named author was partially supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (2), 16310118.     

完善农户商事主体制度与发展农村市场

解决“三农”问题的重要途径在于发展农村市场，广大农民是农村市场最重要的主体。然而，农户作为农村集体经济组织的成员——农村承包经营户，依照我国现行《民法通则》、《农村土地承包法》等规定，是一种民事法律关系的主体，享有民事权利和承担民事义务。在我国市场经济条件下的商事法律中，关于农民、农户在农村市场的商事经营主体资格的制度设计比较缺乏，从而在一定程度上制约了农民的市场行为。为了充分调动广大农民积极性，更好地建设和发展农村市场，有必要完善农户商事经营主体资格的法律制度。