首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   14篇
  免费   0篇
计划管理   1篇
经济学   1篇
贸易经济   11篇
经济概况   1篇
  2017年   1篇
  2016年   2篇
  2013年   9篇
  2011年   1篇
  2005年   1篇
排序方式: 共有14条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Abstract

Unintentional injuries ('accidents’) among elderly people are a significant burden in public health because such accidents happen frequently and because the proportion of older age groups in the population will continue to rise during the coming decades. One aim of this study, which was done in Vienna, the capital of Austria, was to broaden the preventive concept, adding lifestyle and living conditions to already well-known risk factors following the health promotion approach. Furthermore, characteristics that predispose older residents to accidents should be identified in order to design preventive measures for reducing injuries in this age group.

809 interviews with people 60 years of age and over were conducted, concerning accidents, outcomes of accidents, physical fitness, drug intake, type of house or dwelling, equipment in the household incorporating safety features, psychological well-being and social relations. The information collected was used to draw cross-sectional comparisons between participants who reported having experienced at least one accident in the previous 12 months and those who did not. Furthermore, the accident incidents were classified into 2 groups: incidents without injuries and injurious accidents. The latter served as a base for the epidemiology of injuries for people 60 years of age and over within the Vienna community.

20% of all senior citizens suffer at least one unintentional injury every year, in addition to which 8% experience critical incidents (mostly falls) without injury. Most accidents occur at home or involve pedestrians in public traffic areas. Over 90% of all accidents are falls, and 20% result in fractures. The most important risk factors for accidents in the elderly are gender, increasing age, poor physical fitness and low physical activity, the type of household and household equipment, poor psychological well-being, low income and loneliness.

The findings regarding falls suggest some possible opportunities for reducing the risk of falls by improving buildings and dwellings of the elderly. A promising attempt at practical implementation of these findings is being conducted by the Vienna-based Austrian Institute for Home and Leisure Safety in cooperation with the Vienna City Council. These two organizations are implementing a long-term program that aims at mobilizing institutions and organizations involved in working with the elderly.  相似文献   
2.
Injuries account for a large burden of mortality and morbidity in the State of Qatar. No comprehensive study has been conducted on all types of injuries in the State of Qatar. The objective of this study was to determine the trend in the number, incidence and pattern of injuries in the State of Qatar. This hospital-based study is a retrospective analysis of 53,366 patients treated at the accident and emergency and trauma centres for injuries during the period from 2006 to 2010. Injuries were determined according to the ICD 10 criteria. The details of the entire trauma patients who were involved in occupational/domestic injuries were extracted from the database of the Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Hamad Medical Corporation. Our results demonstrated that the rates of injury remained relatively stable in the State of Qatar over the five–year period. Those most at risk of injury were non-Qatari males who were below 30 years. Road traffic accidents (RTA) (36.7%) followed by falls causing back injuries (11.0%) were the most common types of injuries during the period. Most of the injuries occurred at the head for both males (17.7%) and females (13.5%); this was consistently the case across all of the age groups. The greatest proportion of RTA (21.2%), industrial machinery injuries (16.4%), construction injuries (15.5%), recreational sporting injuries (20.5%) and beach/sea/ocean injuries (15.0%) resulted in head injuries. Intervention efforts need to be aimed at reducing occupational injuries, RTA injuries and work–related hazards in the State of Qatar.  相似文献   
3.
Clearing snow from roofs causes serious injuries annually. The aim of this study was to describe injury mechanisms, injury panorama, and injury incidence in connection to this activity. A specific aim was to study the association between snow depth and injury incidence. A total of 95 people were injured during four study periods. The risk of injury is strongly associated with snow depth, and the incidence varied up to 10-fold between the studied winter seasons. The majority of injuries (91; 96%) occurred during leisure time and only four people were injured in the occupational setting. The most common injury mechanism was falling off roofs or ladders of residential homes. Nearly 60% sustained moderate or serious injuries (Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale [MAIS] 2–3), and fractures accounted for almost half of all injuries. Because roofs of single-family homes in Sweden usually do not require snow removal for heavy snow loads, these injuries may have been both unnecessary and avoidable. Further education is required to advise the public on the risks associated with snow removal from roofs.  相似文献   
4.
Previous studies have indicated increasing trends of hospitalized fall-related injuries amongst elderly. Whether this is true also in Sweden is unknown though it is important to study considering the potential societal impact. Data were obtained regarding hospitalized injuries with falls as external cause among those aged 65 years and above with information on injury type, gender and age, on a yearly basis, from 2001 to 2010. Age- and sex-specific incidence rates were calculated (per 100,000 population) for all fall-related injuries, and for each injury type and trend lines were drawn. Linear regression analyses and percentage change were calculated for the types of fall-related injuries. A decreasing incidence was observed in the younger age groups (65–79 years) with greater decreases amongst women (women: ?14.6%, men 65–79 years: ?10.5%). However, increasing rates were observed in the older age group (80 years and above), with greater increases amongst men (women: 4.3%, men: 11.4%). Superficial injuries showed greater increases than fractures amongst those aged 80 years and above. This study indicates that older elderly in Sweden are increasingly being hospitalized for less serious injuries. This changing injury panorama is important to include in the future planning of both health care and fall-related prevention.  相似文献   
5.
Abstract

On July 12,1993, the U.S Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) published a mandatory safety standard requiring disposable and novelty cigarette lighters to be child-resistant. Annually in the United States, children under 5 years of age playing with lighters cause more than 5,000 residential fires, resulting in approximately 150 deaths and more than 1,000 injuries. The standard is expected to prevent about 100 of those fire-related deaths each year. The standard includes labeling, testing, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements for manufacturers and importers. The standard applies to lighters manufactured in the United States or imported after July 11, 1994.

A study of actual child-play fire incidents was conducted as part of the initial work on the project to develop a safety standard. The major objectives of the study were:

1) to determine the age and sex of the children starting the fires, 2) to establish the methods the children used to operate the lighters, and 3) to identify the types of lighters involved. The study was conducted by CPSC field staff with the help of fire departments around the United States. Two hundred seventy-seven fires were investigated. Major findings of the study included

? Disposable butane lighters were involved in the majority of the fires.

? The children starting the fires were primarily 3 and 4 years old.

? Male children starting the fires outnumbered female children by a ratio of 4 to 1.

? Most children used two hands to operate the lighters.

Based on the analysis of the study results, the CPSC staff concluded that child-resistant lighters could be an effective means of addressing the risk of injury and death associated with child-play fires.  相似文献   
6.
Short Reports     
As the US population ages, more older adults will face transportation and mobility challenges. This study examines the characteristics and contributing circumstances of nonfatal older adult pedestrian injuries. Data were obtained from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Programme (NEISS-AIP) for the years 2001 through 2006. Cases included persons aged 65 years and older who were nonfatally injured on a public roadway. The results indicated that on average, an estimated 52,482 older adults were treated in emergency departments each year for nonfatal pedestrian injuries. Falling and being hit by a motor vehicle were the leading mechanisms of injury, resulting in 77.5% and 15.0% of older adult pedestrian injuries, respectively. More than 9000 older pedestrian fall-related injuries each year involved a kerb. It is concluded that the growth in the older adult population could add to the overall burden of these nonfatal pedestrian injuries. Making transportation and mobility improvements, including environmental modifications, is important for preventing these injuries.  相似文献   
7.
The objective of this study is to describe the epidemiology of unintentional fall mortality and hospitalisation and to find the risk factors associated with inpatient mortality. We analysed mortality data from official publications which record the vital statistics and hospitalisation data from National Health Insurance (NHI) Research Database from 2005 to 2007 and fall injuries were classified in accordance with ICD-9-CM E-Codes, including ‘falls on the same level (E885–E886)’, ‘falls on a different level (E880–E884)’ and ‘unspecified falls (E887–E888)’. We used SPSS 18.0 software. During 2005–2007 in Taiwan, there were 3555 deaths and 180,175 inpatients due to unintentional falls and the mortality rate was 5.19 per 100,000 and the hospitalisation rate was 236.14 per 100,000. With regards to deaths, different-level falls were the primary cause, and those aged 25 or more were high-risk groups; with regards to hospitalisation, same-level falls were the primary cause, and those aged 65 or more were the high-risk group. Associated factors for inpatient mortality can be classified by patient characteristics (older age, catastrophic illness, higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and head trauma) and hospital-related factors (geographic area, type of hospital, level of hospital and department of care). The high-risk groups were different between ‘same-level’ and ‘different-level’ falls and the findings of this study will be beneficial for concerned authorities to draft up appropriate prevention plans in the future. Moreover, future researchers can further explore different risk factors for injuries using questionnaire surveys or hospital emergency room data.  相似文献   
8.
9.
Abstract

Objective: To investigate the use of benzodiazepines (BD) in relation to the risk of falling injuries in an elderly population (65 yrs. or older)

Design: An unmatched case-control study. Setting: The town of Pori, Finland

Participants: 380 subjects aged 65 years or over, who presented for medical treatment due to a fall during the 12 months from Sept. 1987 to Aug. 1988, and 342 controls, 65 years or older, selected from the population register. The control subjects were examined according to a schedule that corresponded in time (time of day, day of the week and month) to the time-distribution of falls in an earlier study

Outcome measure: All falls leading to medical treatment. BD use was determined from the serum, and the type of BD was determined by interviews and controlled from patient records

Results: We found a tendency toward a dose-response relationship between the serum BD concentration and the occurrence of falling injury. The risk of faling injury related to short-acting BDs was increased 5-fold and that for other BDs 2-fold compared to the risk among those without any BD in the serum. Conclusion: The results indicate that BD use is associated with falls in the elderly, and that short-acting BDs seem to be associated with falls more often. The results suggest caution in the use of BDs in the elderly.  相似文献   
10.
Investigation of floor slipperiness is critical in studying the risk of slips and falls. This research conducted friction measurements and employee survey on floor slipperiness in a student cafeteria in a university in China in order to study the correlation between the two types of floor slipperiness measure. It was found that the fryer area in kitchen 1 and the meat defrost sink in kitchen 2 had significantly the lowest coefficient of friction (COF) values among all areas in the same kitchen. The results showed that the levels of friction on the floors in different areas in each kitchen were significantly different. Employee perceptions of floor slipperiness among areas were also significantly different. The level of friction and employee perception of floor slipperiness was highly correlated (ρ = 0.87). This implies a good agreement between the two measures. A linear regression model was established to describe the relationship between the perceived floor slipperiness and the measured COF. The model was significant at p < 0.0001 with an R 2 of 0.59.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号