Effet des Evolutions Techniques et des Changements de la Spécialisation Internationale sur les Marchés du Travail et les Systèmes Productifs: Comment les Statisticiens Pourraient-ils Relever les Défis?

Thinking about future needs and about what can reasonably be expected as feasible in the next century, how should producers of statistics direct their activity? Increasing complexity and diversity of needs leads us to recognize that, between producers and users of statistics, a mediating role is more and more often played by analysts and research workers who are requesting above all good data bases. Concerning infrastructures for statistics on productive systems, coordination between accountants and statisticians will be crucial, as well as adaptation of the constraints which, because of excessive worry about confidentiality, could prevent establishment or use of data bases. In an increasingly competitive world, where private firms will sell analyses and informations, particularly on very large enterprises, the public statistical service will remain essential in all respects. Intangible investments, innovations and many aspects of the internal organization of firms will create formidable challenges. Information on employment and labour markets has been much developed during the past decades; but on a few specific and difficult issues progress is still needed: lifecyles in the working-age population, acquisition of knowledge and skills in formal education and on the job, matching labour supplies and demands, and so on. Particular attention will have to be given to the lower levels of cultural and professional skills.     

Stability and Segregation in Group Formation

This paper presents a model of group formation based on the assumption that individuals prefer to associate with people similar to them. It is shown that, in general, if the number of groups that can be formed is bounded, then a stable partition of the society into groups may not exist. (A partition is defined as stable if none of the individuals would prefer be in a different group than the one he is in.) However, if individuals' characteristics are one-dimensional, then a stable partition always exists. We give sufficient conditions for stable partitions to be segregating (in the sense that, for example, low-characteristic individuals are in one group and high-characteristic ones are in another) and Pareto efficient. In addition, we propose a dynamic model of individual myopic behavior describing the evolution of group formation to an eventual stable, segregating, and Pareto efficient partition. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: C72, H41.     

绿色中药产业初见成效 发展任重道远——对汉中市部分中药产业重点发展县的调查

近年来,汉中市实施＂发展绿色产业,建设绿色汉中＂的战略,中药产业逐渐成为汉中经济发展新的增长极。为了解汉中中药产业的发展情况以及银行业机构金融服务支持情况,笔者先后深入勉县、留坝、佛坪等中药材生产形成一定规模的县域,采取与当地政府部门、银行业机构座谈,深入农户中药材种植基地和实地察看加工企业等方式进行了专题调研,分析了其中问题并提出相关建议。     

An algebraic theory of portfolio allocation

Summary. Using group and majorization theory, we explore what can be established about allocation of funds among assets when asymmetries in the returns vector are carefully controlled. The key insight is that preferences over allocations can be partially ordered via majorized convex hulls that have been generated by a permutation group. Group transitivity suffices to ensure complete portfolio diversification. Point-wise stabilizer subgroups admit sectoral separability in fund allocations. We also bound the admissible allocation vector by a set of linear constraints the coefficients of which are determined by group operations on location and scale asymmetries in the rate of returns vector. For a distribution that is symmetric under a reflection group, the linear constraints may be further strengthened whenever there exists an hyperplane that separates convex sets. Received: May 15, 2001; revised version: March 20, 2002 RID="*" ID="*" Journal paper No. J-19797 of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa. Project No. 3463, and supported by Hatch Act and State of Iowa funds. Correspondence to: D. A. Hennessy     

Entrepreneurs in the making: Six decisions for fostering entrepreneurship through maker spaces

Maker spaces—shared production facilities offering access to basic and advanced manufacturing technologies—have quickly become the latest must-have for universities, large corporations, and communities looking to foster entrepreneurship and innovation. While the entrepreneurial and educational prospects of maker spaces are certainly intriguing, questions remain concerning their design and effectiveness. Drawing primarily on case evidence and conversations with five maker spaces located across the U.S., we identify and present six key decisions for maker space leaders looking to foster entrepreneurship in their organizations. We conclude with a decision framework for maker space leaders and a series of questions for entrepreneurs as both groups work to pursue entrepreneurship through and in maker spaces.     

我国城市居民最低生活保障标准的影响因素与效应研究

近年来,我国各地城市居民最低生活保障标准不断提升.本文利用我国36个城市1998-2005年的面板数据,分析影响城市居民最低生活保障标准动态变迁的经济、政治和社会因素及其影响效应,结果显示:城市居民最低生活保障制度是最低生活保障而非基本生活保障;"低保"标准并未有效地缩小贫富差距;"低保"标准对贫困者就业意愿具有较弱的负效应.针对上述问题,笔者提出建议:对应经济社会的发展动态提高标准、施行分层梯度式"低保"标准以及建立互动支持系统,促进"低保"受益者就业.     

农村教育发展的财政保障

长期以来农村教育的特征,说明教育经费短缺一直是农村教育发展的突出矛盾。要对农村教育实施财政保障,须以整顿农村教师队伍为前提,在教育观念、国民经济结构、教育结构、政府预算结构及财政体制等五个方面作战略性调整,同时制止对学生的乱收费。     

论我国农村经济发展的金融支持

农村资本积累缓慢,存在着严重的供给不足,农村积累资金的一部分又通过其他途径流向城市,更加重了乡村资本的稀缺,阻碍了农村经济的发展.加快农村经济发展的根本途径,是向农村提供金融支持,政府应通过加大对农村公共品和农业基础设施的投入,改善农村投资环境,改革和完善农村金融体系,改革现有的农地制度,为农民、农村提供融资工具,以获取发展的资本来推动农村地区的经济发展.     

基于支持向量回归的现代气象雷达寿命预测

为了准确地预测气象雷达使用寿命, 提高气象雷达运行可靠性、安全性和可维护性,提出了一种新的基于多元回归的气象雷达使用寿命预测框架。在该框架内,采用了支持向量回归(SVR)方法来求解气象雷达使用寿命的多元回归问题;提出了基于SVR的气象雷达特征参数选择FSSSVR（Feature Subset Selection SVR）算法去掉冗余和无效的特征参数。实验结果表明,基于SVR方法的预测算法能够准确地预测气象雷达的使用寿命,能够为雷达全寿命周期管理提供参考依据。     

支持向量机在航材供应模型中的研究

针对部队航材供应量预测过程中,样本采集数目较少的实际情况,采用了一种新的预测方法—支持向量机。该方法基于统计学习理论的原理,较好地解决了小样本的学习问题。并以某部队2000～2007年某项航材供应量为学习样本,建立了该项航材的供应量预测模型。计算结果表明,这种方法比传统的方法具有更少的误差和更好的预测精度。