旅游课题研究步骤及体会

本文从选题、准备、调研、引起反响等方面记叙了《旅游扶贫老少边穷地区乘数效应大》这一国家社会科学基金资助项目的完成过程,并结合实际谈了对项目研究的心得体会     

Helping behavior in a virtual crisis situation: effects of safety awareness and crisis communication

Incident evaluations show that bystanders tend to help: they do not wait for professionals to arrive, but act as required by the situation at hand. In the present study, we investigated how safety awareness (induced before an accident happened) and providing a course of action by emergency services affect helping behavior after witnessing a virtual accident with two victims. The main task of the participants was to arrive at a job interview in time. Safety awareness was manipulated by the specific organization they went to: either promoting safe traffic or healthy living. The results show that all participants were inclined to help. Participants who were primed towards safe traffic more often called the emergency number, but talked to the victim less often. Participants who had received specific courses of action moved the victim less often. In all, the results clearly indicate the value of effective risk communication (before an event occurs) and crisis communication (after an event has occurred), as both types of information improve the quality of actual helping behavior at the scene.     

Doing Unto Others: The Reciprocity of Helping Behavior in Organizations

Reciprocity is a fundamental aspect of social life, and a phenomenon studied from a wide variety of philosophical, theological, and social scientific perspectives. In this study, we use social exchange theory to investigate why employees help other employees. We hypothesize, based on the norm of reciprocity (Gouldner, 1960), that a significant cause of an employee's helping behavior is how much organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) the employee has received from coworkers. To provide evidence of the discriminant validity of OCB received as an antecedent of helping behavior, we also assess its effects on another form of extra-role behavior, voice, as well as in-role performance. We found, in a sample of 157 employee-supervisor dyads, that OCB received was related to helping behavior after controlling for several antecedents of helping behavior identified in past research, and was less related to voice and in-role behavior, as hypothesized. Implications for theory and practice are presented.     

巩固和发展扶贫攻坚成果 实现奔小康目标

实施《国家八七扶贫攻坚计划》后，广西贫困地区的经济和社会得到了快速发展。然而，一些已经解决温饱的农户，由于尚未建立稳定的收入来源，极易返贫。对策：充实和完善村级组织，选好“领头雁”；大搞农业综合开发，建设好“三田”；加强农产品流通工作，增加农民收入；扎实抓好小额信贷工作；落实中央政策，减轻农民负担；组织劳务输出，增加农民收入；搞好计划生育，减轻人口压力。     

少数民族贫困山区县域助孤活动研究

中华民族素有慈幼恤孤的人道主义精神和传统美德。除了政府层面的政策性扶持外,还需要社会力量组织开展各种助孤活动。要从做好孤儿摸底工作和对外组织资源、组织好对接工作、搭建助孤体系、强化反馈跟踪和动态调适等方面开展少数民族贫困山区县域助孤活动。     

Leader–member exchange and guanxi are not the same: differential impact of dyadic relationships on fit perceptions,helping behavior,and turnover intention

Extant literature on person–environment fit has underlined the positive impact of leader–member exchange (LMX) on person–supervisor (PS) fit. We challenge this assumption and propose that LMX, which captures the working relationship between employees and their managers, is more strongly associated with person–organization (PO) fit, not PS fit. We further propose that the personal aspect of the relationship between employees and their managers, namely supervisor–subordinate guanxi, is more strongly associated with PS fit than LMX. Finally, we theorize that LMX and supervisor–subordinate guanxi will be associated with turnover intention and helping behavior targeting the supervisor, respectively, through their differential impact on PO and PS fit. Data collected from 267 leader–member dyads in 17 companies in China using a two-wave procedure supported our hypotheses. These results have implications for theories on the multi-dimensional nature of the person–environment fit as well as research differentiating LMX and supervisor–subordinate guanxi.     

Resentful and religious: How religiosity can mitigate the detrimental effects of workplace embitterment on helping behaviors

This study aims to establish how employees' experiences of workplace embitterment may direct them away from voluntary efforts to help coworkers, mediated by emotional exhaustion and moderated by religiosity. Three rounds of survey data, collected from employees and their supervisors in various Pakistani organizations, reveal that a sense of being emotionally overburdened by work links rancorous feelings due to negative work events with tarnished helping behavior, mitigated by employees' ability to draw on their religious faith. As an original contribution, this research addresses the effect of an actually felt negative emotion (workplace embitterment), instead of a source of emotional hardship, on employees' propensity to halt extra-role work efforts; it also describes how the personal resource of religiosity influences this process.     

助人为乐的“道德困境”研究

本文运用博弈模型揭示了"助人为乐"现象逐步沦失的经济学原理,结论显示:在一定的假设前提下,出现了"道德困境"。即:不提供帮助和实施报复是经济人的最优选择。为了改变这一低效率的均衡,本文引入政府行为变量后再次博弈,最终得出解决"道德困境"的途径。     

感知的知识所有权与知识共享——激励的调节作用

现行的关于知识特征的研究主要集中在知识的自然属性:如隐性程度、可编码程度等。但是知识除了具有自然属性之外,还有着其重要的社会属性:如知识的所有权。关于知识的所有权对知识共享的影响,已有少数学者做了理论推演或是实证研究。有意思的是,他们的研究结果是冲突的,而且他们对于知识的所有权概念的界定也是多样的。文章运用实证分析的办法,试图揭示感知的知识所有权的本质,并探讨其对个体知识共享的影响,以期对组织的知识管理理论和实践有所贡献。     

When Power Hurts: Task‐dependent Resource Control Creates Temporary Discomfort that Motivates Helping Behaviour

This study investigated why workers in a position of power are motivated to help their dependent co‐workers. Previous research has assumed that powerful workers would experience increased behavioural approach and disinhibition, leading to selfishness and lower levels of help. However, this assumption fails to explain the helping behaviour often observed at work. In this study, 563 participants were placed in situations of power across three experiments, which measured helpfulness, discomfort, and behavioural approach and inhibition. The results suggest that power creates psychological discomfort, which mediates helping behaviour. Providing help reduced feelings of discomfort. This study helps reconcile previous mixed findings when applying power theories to work situations, and tested a new discomfort‐reduction explanation for helping behaviour. Copyright © 2018 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.