Tourism at Costalegre,Mexico: An ecosystem services-based exploration of current challenges and alternative futures

Tourism, as all human activities, is dependent on the natural environment and its respective ecosystem services (ES). Different user groups manage and consume these touristic ES differently, resulting in discrepancies and potential conflicts. Despite the urgency to find inclusive local approaches for sustainable development, tourism studies still analyze socio-economic and ecological impacts separately and lack integrated social–ecological approaches to improve foresight in tourism planning. Based on a growing concern regarding the future of Costalegre on the Jalisco coast of Western Mexico, we analyze through interviews, surveys, and participant observation the dependence of tourism on specific ecosystem services and conduct a scenario analysis which shows present and future implications for the social–ecological system. Furthermore, this analysis shows in detail how different scenarios change ES provision and people's livelihoods. Key findings include identifying freshwater provision and cultural ES as the most important touristic ES. At a regional scale, peasants in ejidos are the main ES stewards, whereas high-class tourism facilities constitute important local stewards. Benefits, mainly access to freshwater and the beach, are unequally distributed, provoking conflicts among different ES user groups that may escalate in the near future. Improved communication between all user groups and strengthening of key political actors seem to be the most immediate recommendations to ensure the long term sustainability of this particular region. This work may contribute to improved planning and decision-making as our ES based scenarios are a first step to integrate social–ecological knowledge into improved decision-making. At a local scale, the study reveals the most likely future development options and their social and ecological consequences. It could also serve as a baseline for informed policy making.     

农村集体经济组织收益分配纠纷探析

随着征收农民集体土地行为的大量出现,农村集体经济组织需要对这些收益进行分配,由于相关法律法规缺失和我国农村问题所固有的复杂性,分配纠纷得不到很好地处理。在建设法治、和谐社会的背景下,解决该问题势在必行。     

中国省级区域金融中心成长差异探讨

我国各省级区域金融中心建设蜂拥而上,而省级区域金融中心建设在空间分布、金融发展水平、金融资产结构及金融中心综合竞争力等方面呈现出显著的差异性。为此,应实行有效的金融政策,完善多层次金融中心体系,促进我国省级区域金融中心的建设。     

英汉音段音位系统的差异与母语的负迁移效应探析

母语对外语学习的迁移作用可发生在语音、语法、词汇、语用等各个方面,其中以语音层面上的影响最为突出.学习一门外语,首先得学习一个全新的语音系统,这就意味着必须习得一整套陌生的发音习惯.在此过程中,母语的迁移作用不可避免.认真比较英汉音位系统的异同,深入探讨迁移产生的各种原因,对于有效利用母语的正迁移效应、抑制其负面影响具有极其重要的意义.     

Entitlement to Work‐Life Balance Support: Employee/Manager Perceptual Discrepancies and Their Effect on Outcomes

We broaden contemporary understandings of the relationship between HR practices that support work‐life balance and organizational as well as individual outcomes, through a focus on perceptual discrepancies of entitlement. To theorize this notion, we adopt the self‐perception accuracy model and extend it by investigating whether any employee/management discrepancies in perceptions of entitlement mediate the relationship between HR practices supporting work‐life balance and outcomes. We use data from 20 European countries and apply a multilevel statistical methodology. Our results did not reveal significant mediation effects, but the perceptions of managers, not of employees, are related to HR practices that support work‐life balance. Furthermore, employees tend to have higher expectations of entitlement than does management. Finally, the more aligned management and employee perceptions of entitlement, the higher the positive organizational and individual outcomes over and above contextual idiosyncrasies. Findings denote that, in achieving positive outcomes for employees and organizations, managing perceptions regarding organizational support for work‐life balance is more important than actual support practices. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

中西思维模式差异与高职高专英语写作教学

在高职高专英语写作教学中,教师除了要注意指出学生写作时出现的语法错误,以及分析英语句法、篇章结构上的特点,更应该引导学生注重考虑英语写作行为背后的跨文化交流背景,强调中西方在文化传统、思维模式上的差异比较,了解因此而产生的迥然不同的语言特色,帮助学生有效地提高对文化差异的敏感度,从而在写作过程中,逐渐转换思维模式,限制中式思维在英语作文中的体现。     

Noteworthy Discrepancies in China＇s GDP Accounting

Consistency is essential in statistical data processing. This paper reports some notable discrepancies in China＇s GDP accounting, which are unexpectedly found after testing the consistency of GDP accounting and its components. Although these discrepancies are mainly attributed to the revision methodology adopted afier the 2004 economic census, the intention to harmonize GDP accounting data, in terms of production and expenditure, also contributes to the discrepancies. Our ftnding highlights the need for careful checking of consistency and for testing before formal release of any official statistics.     

试论旅游目的地空间关系马太效应的成因及影响

旅游目的地的优劣势发展中虽然有相互转化的现象,但更多的是两极分化:优势旅游地更优,劣势旅游地更劣,旅游目的地空间关系的这种现象就以马太效应表现出来。旅游目的地间等级差异上的空间竞争是形成马太效应的内在推动力,而对旅游目的地形象感知的旅游者的决策行为是马太效应形成的外在拉力。     

Inconsistencies Across Three Contextual Meanings of Reliability

The purpose of this article is to assess the nature of reliability and its inconsistent definitions across three contextual (conceptual, measurement and statistical) levels under the traditional true score theory. Due to such inconsistencies, two existing quantitative approaches (using r and covariance) are not uniformly understood in Psychology and other disciplines; consequently, their applications to measurements and testings are limited to ambiguous interpretations at the conceptual and measurement levels. To examine the extent of this problem, a questionnaire including various contextual definitions and interpretations of reliability in the literature was distributed in a nationwide survey. Results from six groups of experts representing editors, professors and advanced graduate students in both quantitative and clinical areas indicate that all subject groups generally agreed that a reliable instrument possesses the characteristics of the repeatability of responses of all test-takers at the conceptual level, and the reproducibility of the instrument with little or no variations from the underlying true scores at the measurement level. However, between the editors and noneditors, the endorsements of the common definition at the measurement level show obvious discrepancies. Further, at the statistical level, significant differences were found not only between but also within subject-groups in their interpretations of product-moment correlations and Alpha coefficients for the assessment of reliability at the conceptual and measurement levels. The causes of such inconsistencies were discussed in terms of the inherent limitations of the two statistical approaches used and their insufficiencies for indexing the conceptual and measurement meanings of reliability. Finally, this paper called for developing new statistical indices that are coherent with conceptual and measurement definitions. Before such development, the capacities of existing reliability indices shall be redefined and their application qualifications shall be proportionally re-established for educational, research and clinical purposes.     

中国城乡金融资源配置差异的测度与分析

城乡二元结构是中国经济发展格局的基本特征之一,也是中国区域发展非均衡的主要体现。作为影响城乡二元结构的一个重要因素,城乡金融差距的作用应当值得关注。对城乡金融发展差距进行了深入的分解研究,使用全国数据对中国城乡金融发展的总体差距进行衡量,进而使用省际数据对城乡金融发展差距的省际差异进行分析。