当信仰遭遇危机……——陈映真20世纪80年代的思想涌流析论（二）

本文的核心关切不是20世纪80年代陈映真正面展开的诸具体知识、思想、文学、文化论述实践，而是隐含在这些后面的——被六七十年代陈映真热烈理想化的中国大陆毛泽东时代社会主义实践，特别是“文化大革命”的规划与实践，因“文革”后中国大陆自身对其中问题的检讨与不义、残酷的揭露，而引发的对陈映真的冲击和他因之产生的思考、观念的调整与摸索。致力于这样一种角度，是因为从这一角度所能引出的整理与揭示，不仅有助于我们对80年代陈映真诸具体知识、思想、文学、文化实践内蕴有更精准的理解，更重要的是，只有如此，我们才能准确地揭示80年代陈映真诸具体知识、思想、文学、文化实践背后更内在的观念型构与感受型构，而这揭示本身便有着重要的思想认知价值。     

The Mediating Role of Anticipated Guilt in Consumers’ Ethical Decision-Making

In this paper, we theorize that the anticipation of guilt plays an important role in ethically questionable consumer situations. We propose an ethical decision-making framework incorporating anticipated guilt as partial mediator between consumers’ ethical beliefs (anteceded by ethical ideology) and intentions. In the first study, we compared several models using structural equation modeling and found empirical support for our research model. A second experiment was set up to illustrate how these new insights may be applied to prevent consumers from taking advantage of the seller. Results showed that enhancing the anticipation of guilt (by making the interpersonal consequences of the unethical act more salient) increased consumers’ ethical intentions, controlling for ethical beliefs. Together these two studies might have important theoretical and managerial contributions.Sarah Steenhaut is research assistant and doctoral candidate at Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Research Center for Consumer Psychology and Marketing (Belgium). Her research interests lie in the area of ethical aspects and marketing, more specifically, consumers’ ethical beliefs, attitudes and behavior. She has recently published in Journal of Business Ethics.Patrick Van Kenhove is Professor of Marketing at Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Department of Marketing (Belgium). He has recently published in Journal of Business Ethics, Psychology & Marketing, Journal of Retailing, Advances in Consumer Research, Journal of Economic Psychology, Journal of Health Communication and The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research.     

An Empirical Investigation of the Relationships between Ethical Beliefs, Ethical Ideology, Political Preference and Need for Closure

An analysis is presented of the relationships between consumers ethical beliefs, ethical ideology, Machiavellianism, political preference and the individual difference variable "need for closure". It is based on a representative survey of 286 Belgian respondents. Standard measurement tools of proven reliability and robustness are used to measure ethical beliefs (consumer ethics scale), ethical ideology (ethical positioning), Machiavellianism (Mach IV scale) and need for closure. The analysis finds the following. First, individuals with a high need for closure tend to have beliefs that are more ethical as regards possible consumer actions, and score higher on idealism and lower on Machiavellianism, than those with a low need for closure. Second, a correlation exists between political preference and ethical beliefs. Third, a significant relationship exists between ethical ideology and political preference for the two largest political parties. Fourth, individuals with a high and low need for closure have different political preferences for right-wing and left-wing parties.     

从“潘晓讨论”看当代中国大陆虚无主义的历史与观念成因

本文以相当的篇幅聚焦发生于1980年的“潘晓讨论”（人生意义讨论）,尤特别详尽解读、分析了引爆此场搅动了一代人的大讨论的署名“潘晓”的来信,不仅仅是因为过去有关此讨论的分析、叙述遗漏了此讨论中许多对历史理解有帮助的内涵,更因为过去这些把握,叙述无法清楚呈现出此讨论对解理当代中国大陆精神史所具有的重要意义,对准确理解今天极困扰中国大陆的虚无主义问题所具有的重要意义。而30年后本文对此讨论强光聚焦,一方面当然在试图揭示此讨论所蕴有的多方面历史认知内涵,另一方面则试图通过重新细腻解析、把握此讨论的方式,有力揭示此讨论对理解当代中国大陆精神史、对准确理解此精神史中的虚无主义问题所具有的关键意义,从而希望因此能为我们思考当今中国大陆和身心感受、精神状态、价值感觉、心理意识方式有关的问题,提供必要的理解帮助线索。     

A comparison between North and South business ethics: the concepts of Renzhi and Fazhi in China

The purpose of this study is to compare the ethical standards of business practitioners of Northern provinces of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) who follow the ‘rule by man’ (i.e. the Renzhi system) versus those of southern provinces who follow the ‘rule by law’ (i.e. the Fazhi system). Our Shanghai survey represented the south Chinese sample, and our Shijiazhuang mailing represented our north Chinese sample. We received 95 completed responses for the former and 102 completed responses for the latter. Our results found that the south Chinese practitioners were more likely to be idealistic, possessed virtue epistemic traits and were more sensitive to ethical practices than north Chinese practitioners were.     

Moral and Ethical Antecedents of Attitude Toward Counterfeit Luxury Products: Evidence from Pakistan

Counterfeiting a universal problem is influencing marketers and consumers across the world. Despite its severity, earlier researchers have not paid much attention to it especially in the perspective of moral and ethical aspects. Researchers generally have established the influence of ethical/moral aspects along with social-personal factors on attitude toward counterfeiting luxury products (CLPs). They have not entirely explored the influence of moral aspects on CLPs. Thus, the aim of this study is to ascertain the influence of ethical issues on attitude toward CLPs in the context of theory of planned behavior and theory of reasoned action.     

辩证唯生论

根据对立统一法则,在讨论了唯物主义与唯心主义的对立统一问题的基础上,提出辩证唯生论的哲学观点,并探讨了哲学的基本问题和社会的基本矛盾,以澄清哲学的理论问题,促进人类文明的发展。     

Exploring Social Desirability Bias

This study examines social desirability bias in the context of ethical decision-making by accountants. It hypothesizes a negative relation between social desirability bias and ethical evaluation. It also predicts an interaction effect between religiousness and gender on social desirability bias. An experiment using five general business vignettes was carried out on 121 accountants (63 males and 58 females). The results show that social desirability bias is higher (lower) when the situation encountered is more (less) unethical. The bias has religiousness and gender main effects as well as an interaction effect between these two independent variables. Women who were more religious recorded the highest bias scores relative to less religious women and men regardless of their religiousness.     

Consumer Ethics: A Cross-Cultural Study of the Ethical Beliefs of Turkish and American Consumers

The ethical climate in Turkey is beset by ethical problems. Bribery, environmental pollution, tax frauds, deceptive advertising, production of unsafe products, and the ethical violations that involved politicians and business professionals are just a few examples. The purpose of this study is to compare and contrast the ethical beliefs of American and Turkish consumers using the Ethical Position Questionnaire (EPQ) of Forsyth (1980), the Machiavellianism scale, and the Consumer Ethical Practices of Muncy and Vitell questionnaire (MVQ). A sample of 376 subjects that consists of American consumers (n = 188) and Turkish consumers (n = 199) was used to compare the ethical beliefs and practices of the two samples. The MANOVA results for the two nationality groups found that five out of six criterion variables differed between the two groups. The implications of this study are intended to assist marketers to develop strategies that suit a particular market and lessen their risk of entry. Mohammed Y.A. Rawwas is Professor of Marketing at the University of Northern Iowa. He also taught as a Visiting Professor at a range of universities in Japan, France, Austria, Russia, China, Hong Kong, Trinidad and Tobago. His areas of research include ethical and social issues in marketing, cross-cultural studies, marketing education, and supply chain management. He has published extensively across these areas including works in Journal of Business Research, International Marketing Review, Journal of Consumer Ethics, and Journal of Marketing Education, among others.Ziad Swaidan is Assistant Professor of Marketing at the University of Houston-Victoria. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Mississippi. His research has appeared in several journals, including the Journal of Business Ethics, and International Business Review, among others. Mine Oyman is Assistant Professor of Marketing at Anadolu University in Turkey. Her areas of research include consumer ethics, cross-cultural studies, and marketing education. She has presented previous works at a range of international and local conferences.     

理想主义者的人生求索历程——评张洁的三篇爱情小说

《爱,是不能忘记的》、《方舟》、《祖母绿》是女作家张洁三篇爱情系列小说。小说描写了女主人公在新时期到来时对爱情的呼唤和为此付出的代价,最后获得了新生。通过这个系列,女作家张洁展现了她在女性人生追求中进行的一段思考和探索,完成了女作家理想主义者的人生求索历程。