美国社区银行的发展及其对我国新农村金融建设的启示

改革开放以来,我国中小企业发展迅速,但中小企业金融银行服务体系并不健全.与欧美发达国家相比,作为银行体系重要组成部分的社区银行在我国依旧少见.本文在介绍美国社区银行发展状况及运营特点的基础上,总结了美国社区银行在服务农村建设方面的成功经验与启示借鉴,以期对我国社区银行业的深化改革提出一点想法.     

略论新时期美国的农村经济政策

新时期,美国的农村经济发生了巨大变化,单纯的农业补贴已无助于提高美国农村经济的竞争力,必须制定一个有效的、超越农业政策的、能应对21世纪挑战的农村经济政策.在分析新时期美国农村经济面临的困境及发展机会的基础上,指出了当前美国农村经济政策存在的主要问题,总结了部分美国经济学家给出的新时期美国农村经济发展的出路.     

Tari–tax reforms and market access

Reducing taris and increasing consumption taxes is a standard IMF advice to countries that want to open up their economy without hurting government finances. Indeed, theoretical analysis of such a tari–tax reform shows an unambiguous increase in welfare and government revenues. The present paper examines whether the country that implements such a reform ends up opening up its markets to international trade, i.e. whether its market access improves. It is shown that this is not necessarily so. We also show that, comparing to the reform of only taris, the tari–tax reform is a less efficient proposal to follow both as far as it concerns market access and welfare.     

Are Foreign Banks Better Performers Than Domestic Counterparts? Examining the Financialization Hypothesis in Mexico

This article analyzes the relationship between “financialization” and the performance of credit institutions in Mexico over the period 1999–2013. On average, foreign banks have higher cost-to-income ratio and return on assets than domestically owned banks. Non-interest income to gross revenue positively contributes to foreign bank profits, which highlights income other than conventional banking transactions. When considering references in the literature to non-interest income as a proxy for financialization, our results imply that domestic banks are more dependent on traditional lending, such as interest-earning assets, whereas foreign banks seem to engage in greater diversification to support profitability. Overall, the banking system reveals tendencies (“financialization”) that can possibly work against credit facilitation in Mexico.     

Police Violence and the Underreporting of Crime

This paper examines the relationship between police violence and the reporting of crime. Utilizing original data from a large‐scale household survey conducted in Costa Rica from October 2013 to April 2014 (n = 4,200), we find that the observation of police violence significantly reduces citizens’ willingness to report crime. The implications of this finding are explored using a game‐theoretic model of crime, crime reporting, and police misconduct. The model reveals that although the prospect of police violence against criminals may generate a degree of deterrence for criminal behavior, permissiveness toward police violence also raises expectations about the likelihood of police abuse against law‐abiding citizens. Consistent with our empirics, this reduces citizens’ propensity to report crime, thereby fostering a climate of impunity for criminal activity.     

拉美与俄罗斯:货币政策美元化与货币财富美元化

20世纪 90年代以来 ,拉美与俄罗斯均出现了美元化现象 ,但拉美的美元化是一种“货币政策美元化” ,是其政府的一种政策选择 ,即是以政府出面宣布其经济美元化 ,其实质是一种彻底而不可逆转的固定汇率制。拉美各国通过实行美元化可以得到本国经济利益的扩大 ,促进经济发展 ,而俄罗斯的美元化则是一种“货币财富美元化” ,是其居民的一种自发行为。俄罗斯的美元化给其经济发展带来一系列的弊端 ,严重阻碍了经济发展 ,其美元化是一种与拉美诸国不同的现象。因此 ,分析这两种美元化的出现背景、主要表现及对各自经济的影响 ,以便引为借鉴。     

美国与《尤利西斯》

庞德、艾略特等美国人的操作是《尤利西斯》成功的关键。没有美国,就没有今天的乔伊斯产业。乔伊斯的文学实验和对英帝国主义的反抗,不但可以为庞德倡导的先锋运动服务,也正好满足了美国想取代英国,成为英语世界新的领导者,以及颠覆英文学的旧秩序、重整世界文化格局的野心。美国扶持乔伊斯和《尤利西斯》的目的,与其说是文学的,不如说是商业的。     

Needed B2B marketing capabilities: Insights from the USA and emerging Latin America

Firms from all parts of the world are expanding operations globally in a turbulent economic context, requiring the understanding of nontraditional markets. Much attention has been focused on China and India, but researchers have neglected Latin America, a region economically as important as Germany, India, Japan, and South Korea. Latin America, as is true of many developed and emerging markets, has a strong presence of industrial ? or business to business (B2B) ? transactions. The configuration and convergence-divergence of marketing capabilities are relevant for the understanding of the globalization phenomenon. This study aims to examine B2B marketing capabilities of firms in Chile, Mexico and Peru (as Latin American countries), seeking conceptual issues in order to comprehend their business perspectives and contribute to the almost nonexistent body of research in this region. How do the results from Latin America compare with the USA? While the study shows directional convergence between Chile and Peru, there also is interesting divergence between all Latin American countries and the USA. The findings offer a portfolio of marketing topics that we believe are worthy of practitioner and academic consideration. We propose a model of convergence-divergence of B2B marketing capabilities across nations and state propositions for hypothesis testing.